Freedman David, Woods George W
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Morehouse University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Politics Law. 2013 Sep 1;6(3):1-16. doi: 10.5539/jpl.v6n3p1.
This paper briefly reviews the social science on "neighborhood effects" as an independent force in shaping poor outcomes, specifically mental illness and criminal behavior, before discussing the implications of that research for understanding the relationship between neighborhoods, race and class. Neighborhood effects research has proliferated in recent years with extensive attention again being focused on the social context of family and individual development and life course. Moreover, recent work has suggested the need to consider the developmental effects of neighborhoods that persist across life-span. This paper will focus specifically on mental illness and criminal behavior as outcomes for understanding neighborhood effects, but will also consider what the structural causes of individual behavior and functioning mean for clinical assessment, especially forensic assessment.
本文简要回顾了社会科学领域中关于“邻里效应”的研究，该效应作为一种独立力量，在导致不良后果（特别是精神疾病和犯罪行为）方面发挥着作用。在讨论该研究对于理解邻里、种族和阶级之间关系的意义之前，先进行上述回顾。近年来，邻里效应研究不断涌现，家庭、个体发展及生命历程的社会背景再次受到广泛关注。此外，近期研究表明，有必要考虑邻里效应在整个生命周期中的发展影响。本文将特别关注精神疾病和犯罪行为这两个结果，以理解邻里效应，同时也会探讨个体行为和机能的结构成因对于临床评估（尤其是法医评估）意味着什么。
