Epidemiology, Center for Integrative Approaches to Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019-2029, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Feb;1186:125-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x.
Features of neighborhoods or residential environments may affect health and contribute to social and race/ethnic inequalities in health. The study of neighborhood health effects has grown exponentially over the past 15 years. This chapter summarizes key work in this area with a particular focus on chronic disease outcomes (specifically obesity and related risk factors) and mental health (specifically depression and depressive symptoms). Empirical work is classified into two main eras: studies that use census proxies and studies that directly measure neighborhood attributes using a variety of approaches. Key conceptual and methodological challenges in studying neighborhood health effects are reviewed. Existing gaps in knowledge and promising new directions in the field are highlighted.
社区或居住环境的特点可能会影响健康，并导致健康方面的社会和种族/民族不平等。过去 15 年来，社区健康影响的研究呈指数级增长。本章总结了这一领域的主要工作，特别关注慢性病结果（特别是肥胖和相关风险因素）和心理健康（特别是抑郁和抑郁症状）。实证工作分为两个主要时代：使用人口普查代理进行的研究和使用各种方法直接测量社区属性的研究。审查了研究社区健康影响的关键概念和方法学挑战。突出了该领域现有知识差距和有前途的新方向。
