Zuberogoitia Iñigo, del Real Javier, Torres Juan José, Rodríguez Luis, Alonso María, Zabala Jabi
Estudios Medioambientales Icarus, S.L., Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
Saitec S.A. Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 24;9(9):e107713. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107713. eCollection 2014.
Ungulate vehicle collisions (UVC) provoke serious damage, including human casualties, and a large number of measures have been developed around the world to avoid collisions. We analyse the main factors involved in UVC in a road network built in the absence of ungulates, where mitigation structures to avoid UVC were not adequately considered. Ungulate population greatly increased during the last two decades and now Roe Deer and Wild Boars are widely distributed over the study area, but even after this increase, the road network was not adapted to avoid UVC. A total of 235 Roe Deer (RDVC) and 153 Wild Boar vehicle collisions (WBVC) were recorded between January 2008 and December 2011. We randomly selected 289 sample points (87 RDVC, 60 WBVC and 142 controls) separated by at least 500 metres from the next closest point and measured 19 variables that could potentially influence the vehicle collisions. We detected variations in the frequency of RDVC on a monthly basis, and WBVC was higher at weekends but no significant differences were detected on a monthly basis. UVC were more likely to occur at locations where sinuosity of the road, velocity, surface of shrub and deciduous forest area were greater, the presence of fences entered with positive relationship and distance to the nearest building was less. RDVC were more likely to occur at locations where timber forest area increased and distance to the nearest building decreased and WBVC was related to open fields cover and also to the presence of fences. Sinuosity and velocity entered in both cases as significant factors. Major roads, in which the traffic volume is greater and faster, caused more accidents with ungulates than secondary roads. Nowadays, the high frequency of ungulate road-kills deserves a new strategy in order to adapt infrastructure and adopt mitigation measures.
有蹄类动物与车辆碰撞（UVC）会造成严重破坏，包括人员伤亡，世界各地已制定了大量措施来避免此类碰撞。我们分析了在没有有蹄类动物的情况下建成的道路网络中UVC的主要影响因素，在该道路网络中，未充分考虑避免UVC的缓解结构。在过去二十年中，有蹄类动物数量大幅增加，如今狍和野猪在研究区域广泛分布，但即便数量增加后，道路网络仍未进行调整以避免UVC。2008年1月至2011年12月期间，共记录了235起狍与车辆碰撞（RDVC）事件和153起野猪与车辆碰撞（WBVC）事件。我们随机选取了289个采样点（87起RDVC、60起WBVC和142个对照点），各点之间相距至少500米，并测量了19个可能会影响车辆碰撞的变量。我们检测到RDVC的发生频率存在月度变化，WBVC在周末的发生率更高，但未检测到月度上的显著差异。UVC更有可能发生在道路弯曲度、车速、灌木地表面积和落叶林面积较大的地方，围栏的存在呈正相关，且与最近建筑物的距离较短。RDVC更有可能发生在木材林面积增加且与最近建筑物距离减小的地方以及WBVC与开阔地覆盖面积以及围栏的存在有关。在这两种情况下，弯曲度和车速都是重要因素。交通流量更大、速度更快的主干道比次干道引发更多有蹄类动物交通事故。如今，有蹄类动物道路死亡的高频率需要一种新策略，以便调整基础设施并采取缓解措施。
