Mahon Paula, McPherson Gladys
Department of Occupational Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Nurse Res. 2014 Sep;22(1):8-13. doi: 10.7748/nr.22.1.8.e1271.
To describe the application of critical ethnography to explain nurses' decisions to remain in or leave bedside nursing, and to describe researcher positioning and reflexivity.
Enquiry into hospital nurses' decisions to remain in or leave bedside nursing positions has been conducted from a variety of theoretical perspectives by researchers adopting a range of methodological approaches. This research helps to explain how work environments can affect variables such as job satisfaction and turnover, but provides less insight into how personal and professional factors shape decisions to remain in or leave bedside nursing.
A critical theoretical perspective was taken to examine the employment decisions made by nurses in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Data was collected from nurses (n=31) through semi-structured interviews and unobtrusive observation.
The authors describe critical ethnography as a powerful research framework for enquiry that allowed them to challenge assumptions about why nurses remain in or leave their jobs, and to explore how issues of fairness and equity contribute to these decisions.
Critical ethnography offers a powerful methodology for investigations into complex interactions, such as those between nurses in a PICU. In adopting this methodology, researchers should be sensitised to manifestations of power, attend to their stance and location, and reflexion.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/RESEARCH: The greatest challenges from this research included how to make sense of the insider position, how to acknowledge assumptions and allow these to be challenged, and how to ensure that power relationships in the environment and in the research were attended to.
描述批判性人种志在解释护士决定继续从事或离开床边护理工作方面的应用，并描述研究者的定位与反思。
研究者们采用了一系列方法，从多种理论视角对医院护士继续从事或离开床边护理岗位的决定进行了探究。这项研究有助于解释工作环境如何影响诸如工作满意度和人员流动等变量，但对于个人和专业因素如何影响继续从事或离开床边护理工作的决定，提供的见解较少。
采用批判性理论视角来审视儿科重症监护病房（PICU）护士的就业决定。
通过半结构化访谈和非介入性观察从护士（n = 31）那里收集数据。
作者将批判性人种志描述为一种强大的探究研究框架，使他们能够质疑关于护士为何留任或离职的假设，并探讨公平和平等问题如何影响这些决定。
批判性人种志为研究复杂的相互作用（如PICU护士之间的相互作用）提供了一种强大的方法。采用这种方法时，研究人员应敏锐意识到权力的表现形式，关注自己的立场和位置，并进行反思。
对实践/研究的启示：这项研究带来的最大挑战包括如何理解内部人员的立场，如何承认假设并允许其受到质疑，以及如何确保关注环境和研究中的权力关系。
