Segalés Jessica, Perdiguero Eusebio, Muñoz-Cánoves Pura
Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.
FEBS J. 2015 May;282(9):1571-88. doi: 10.1111/febs.13065. Epub 2014 Oct 21.
Skeletal muscle regeneration in the adult (de novo myogenesis) depends on a resident population of muscle stem cells (satellite cells) that are normally quiescent. In response to injury or stress, satellite cells are activated and expand as myoblast cells that differentiate and fuse to form new muscle fibers or return to quiescence to maintain the stem cell pool (self-renewal). Satellite cell-dependent myogenesis is a well-characterized multi-step process orchestrated by muscle-specific transcription factors, such as Pax3/Pax7 and members of the MyoD family of muscle regulatory factors, and epigenetically controlled by mechanisms such as DNA methylation, covalent modification of histones and non-coding RNAs. Recent results from next-generation genome-wide sequencing have increased our understanding about the highly intricate layers of epigenetic regulation involved in satellite cell maintenance, activation, differentiation and self-renewal, and their cross-talk with the muscle-specific transcriptional machinery.
成体骨骼肌再生（从头肌生成）依赖于一群通常处于静止状态的肌肉干细胞（卫星细胞）。在受到损伤或应激时，卫星细胞被激活并增殖为成肌细胞，这些成肌细胞分化并融合形成新的肌纤维，或恢复静止状态以维持干细胞池（自我更新）。依赖卫星细胞的肌生成是一个由肌肉特异性转录因子（如Pax3/Pax7和肌肉调节因子MyoD家族成员）精心编排的多步骤过程，并通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白共价修饰和非编码RNA等机制进行表观遗传调控。下一代全基因组测序的最新结果增进了我们对卫星细胞维持、激活、分化和自我更新过程中涉及的高度复杂的表观遗传调控层次，以及它们与肌肉特异性转录机制之间相互作用的理解。
