Spronk Inge, Heaney Susan E, Prvan Tania, O'Connor Helen T
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015 Jun;25(3):243-51. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0034. Epub 2014 Sep 24.
This study investigated the association between general nutrition knowledge and dietary quality in a convenience sample of athletes (≥ state level) recruited from four Australian State Sport Institutes. General nutrition knowledge was measured by the validated General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire and diet quality by an adapted version of the Australian Recommended Food Score (A-ARFS) calculated from food frequency questionnaire data. Analysis of variance and linear modeling were used to assess relationships between variables.
mean (Standard Deviation). A total of 101 athletes (Males: 37; Females: 64), 18.6 (4.6) years were recruited mainly from team sports (72.0%). Females scored higher than males for both nutrition knowledge (Females: 59.9%; Males: 55.6%; p = .017) and total A-ARFS (Females: 54.2% Males: 49.4%; p = .016). There was no significant influence of age, level of education, athletic caliber or team/individual sport participation on nutrition knowledge or total A-ARFS. However, athletes engaged in previous dietetic consultation had significantly higher nutrition knowledge (61.6% vs. 56.6%; p = .034) but not total A-ARFS (53.6% vs. 52.0%; p = .466). Nutrition knowledge was weakly but positively associated with total A-ARFS (r = .261, p= .008) and A-ARFS vegetable subgroup (r = .252, p = .024) independently explaining 6.8% and 5.1% of the variance respectively. Gender independently explained 5.6% of the variance in nutrition knowledge (p= .017) and 6.7% in total A-ARFS (p = .016). Higher nutrition knowledge and female gender were weakly but positively associated with better diet quality. Given the importance of nutrition to health and optimal sports performance, intervention to improve nutrition knowledge and healthy eating is recommended, especially for young male athletes.
本研究调查了从澳大利亚四个州体育学院招募的（≥州级水平）运动员便利样本中一般营养知识与饮食质量之间的关联。一般营养知识通过经过验证的《一般营养知识问卷》进行测量，饮食质量通过根据食物频率问卷数据计算的澳大利亚推荐食物评分（A - ARFS）的改编版本进行评估。方差分析和线性建模用于评估变量之间的关系。
均值（标准差）。共招募了101名运动员（男性：37名；女性：64名），年龄18.6（4.6）岁，主要来自团队运动项目（72.0%）。女性在营养知识（女性：59.9%；男性：55.6%；p = 0.017）和总A - ARFS（女性：54.2%；男性：49.4%；p = 0.016）方面的得分均高于男性。年龄、教育水平、运动水平或团队/个人运动参与情况对营养知识或总A - ARFS没有显著影响。然而，曾接受过饮食咨询的运动员营养知识显著更高（61.6%对56.6%；p = 0.034），但总A - ARFS没有显著差异（53.6%对52.0%；p = 0.466）。营养知识与总A - ARFS呈弱但正相关（r = 0.261，p = 0.008），与A - ARFS蔬菜亚组呈弱但正相关（r = 0.252，p = 0.024），分别独立解释了6.8%和5.1%的方差。性别分别独立解释了营养知识方差的5.6%（p = 0.017）和总A - ARFS方差的6.7%（p = 0.016）。更高的营养知识和女性性别与更好的饮食质量呈弱但正相关。鉴于营养对健康和最佳运动表现的重要性，建议进行干预以提高营养知识和促进健康饮食，特别是对于年轻男性运动员。
