Rossolini Gian Maria, Arena Fabio, Pecile Patrizia, Pollini Simona
Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, I-50134 Florence, Italy; Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, I-50134 Florence, Italy.
Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014 Oct;18:56-60. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.006. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
Antibiotics tend to lose their efficacy over time due to the emergence and dissemination of resistance among bacterial pathogens. Strains with resistance to multiple antibiotic classes have emerged among major Gram-positive and Gram-negative species including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. Enterobacteriaceae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. With some Gram-negatives, resistance may involve most or even all the available antimicrobial options, resulting in extremely drug-resistant or totally drug-resistant phenotypes. This so-called 'antibiotic resistance crisis' has been compounded by the lagging in antibiotic discovery and development programs occurred in recent years, and is jeopardizing the essential role played by antibiotics in current medical practices.
由于细菌病原体中耐药性的出现和传播，抗生素的效力往往会随着时间的推移而丧失。在包括金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌属、铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属、肠杆菌科和淋病奈瑟菌在内的主要革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌中，已出现了对多种抗生素类别的耐药菌株。对于一些革兰氏阴性菌，耐药性可能涉及大多数甚至所有可用的抗菌药物选择，从而产生极耐药或完全耐药的表型。近年来抗生素研发项目的滞后加剧了这场所谓的“抗生素耐药危机”，并危及抗生素在当前医疗实践中所发挥的重要作用。
