Pahwa Avita K, Siegelman Evan S, Arya Lily A
Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Clin Anat. 2015 Apr;28(3):305-13. doi: 10.1002/ca.22472. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
Pelvic organ prolapse, a herniation of pelvic organs through the vagina, is a common condition in older women. Pelvic organ prolapse distorts vaginal anatomy making pelvic examination difficult. A clinician must accurately identify anatomic landmarks both in women presenting with symptoms of prolapse and in women noted to have coincidental prolapse during routine gynecologic examination. We present a systematic approach to the female pelvic examination including anatomic landmarks of the external genitalia, vagina, and uterus in women with normal support as well as changes that occur with pelvic organ prolapse. Knowledge and awareness of normal anatomic landmarks will improve a clinician's ability to identify defects in pelvic support and allow for better diagnosis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.
盆腔器官脱垂是指盆腔器官经阴道突出，这在老年女性中是一种常见病症。盆腔器官脱垂会使阴道解剖结构变形，导致盆腔检查困难。临床医生必须准确识别出现脱垂症状的女性以及在常规妇科检查中发现合并脱垂的女性的解剖标志。我们提出一种女性盆腔检查的系统方法，包括正常盆底支持结构的女性外生殖器、阴道和子宫的解剖标志，以及盆腔器官脱垂时发生的变化。了解正常解剖标志将提高临床医生识别盆底支持缺陷的能力，从而更好地诊断和治疗盆腔器官脱垂。
