The Hygiene Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 4HT, UK.
Trends Immunol. 2014 Oct;35(10):457-64. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
Compared with living free, the parasitic way of life has many attractions. Parasites create problems for all animals. Potential hosts can respond by learning to live with parasites (tolerance), actively fighting them (resistance), or they can avoid becoming infected in the first place (avoidance). I propose here a new classification of avoidance behaviour according to the epidemiology of infection risk, where animals must avoid (i) conspecifics, (ii) parasites and their vectors, (iii) parasite-rich environments, and (iv) niche infestation. I further explore how the disgust adaptive system, which coordinates avoidance behaviour, may form a continuum with the immune system through the sharing of signalling pathways, sites of action, and evolutionary history.
与自由生活相比，寄生生活有许多吸引力。寄生虫会给所有动物带来问题。潜在的宿主可以通过学习与寄生虫共存（容忍）、积极对抗它们（抵抗）或首先避免感染（避免）来做出回应。我在这里根据感染风险的流行病学提出了一种新的回避行为分类，其中动物必须避免（i）同种动物，（ii）寄生虫及其载体，（iii）寄生虫丰富的环境，以及（iv）小生境感染。我进一步探讨了厌恶适应系统如何通过共享信号通路、作用部位和进化历史，与免疫系统形成一个连续体，从而协调回避行为。
