Meyer-Marcotty P, Böhm H, Linz C, Kochel J, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A, Schweitzer T
Departments of *Orthodontics, Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty,
**Maxillo-Facial-Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Dental Clinic of the Medical Faculty, and.
Eur J Orthod. 2014 Oct;36(5):489-96. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjt010. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
The aim of this study was to generate three-dimensional data of the physiological growth of the infant's cranium in the significant growth phase from 6 to 12 months of age. In a longitudinal observational study non-invasive 3D data using an optical surface scanner were generated of the entire head of 52 Caucasian infants (27 females and 25 males) between the ages of 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) months. The circumference of the head increased by 6.51 per cent (from 43.50 to 46.33cm). Analysis of width and length showed that the head grows 2.84 per cent more in length, resulting in a decrease in the cranial index of 2.52 per cent (from 83.87 to 81.76 per cent). The highest increment observed was in the total volume of the cranium, with an increase of 18.76 per cent (from 1229.01 to 1459.57cm(3)). Comparison of the left and right sides of the head by measuring the diagonal symmetry difference showed a difference of only 0.37cm. Overall, the symmetry-related parameters showed an almost symmetric development of the cranium in infants. The findings should provide valuable information on physiological growth and development of the infant's cranium. Therefore the high growth rate of the cranium in the first year of life suggests that this period is a critical period in which the disruption of developmental processes may have long-lasting effects on the morphology of the cranium with a prognostically unfavourable effect of the further growth of the viscerocranium.
本研究的目的是生成6至12个月大这一显著生长阶段婴儿颅骨生理生长的三维数据。在一项纵向观察研究中，使用光学表面扫描仪对52名6个月（T1）至12个月（T2）大的白种婴儿（27名女性和25名男性）的整个头部生成了非侵入性三维数据。头围增加了6.51%（从43.50厘米增至46.33厘米）。对头宽和头长的分析表明，头部长度增长了2.84%，导致颅指数下降了2.52%（从83.87%降至81.76%）。观察到的最高增幅是颅骨总体积，增加了18.76%（从1229.01立方厘米增至1459.57立方厘米）。通过测量对角对称差异对头的左右两侧进行比较，发现差异仅为0.37厘米。总体而言，与对称相关的参数显示婴儿颅骨几乎呈对称发育。这些发现应为婴儿颅骨的生理生长和发育提供有价值的信息。因此，婴儿出生后第一年颅骨的高生长速率表明，这一时期是关键时期，在此期间发育过程的中断可能会对颅骨形态产生长期影响，对视面颅骨的进一步生长产生预后不良的影响。
