Erkelenz Nanette, Schreiber Anja C, Kobel Susanne, Kettner Sarah, Drenowatz Clemens, Steinacker Jürgen M
Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Frauensteige 6, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
Z Gesundh Wiss. 2014;22(5):407-414. doi: 10.1007/s10389-014-0636-5. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are known to be closely connected. Various environmental and biological constraints have been shown to influence children's PA with parents being among strong determinants of their children's PA behaviour. However, little is known about parental influence on PF in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the influence of parental health-related behaviours and attitudes on PF in boys and girls.
Baseline data of 1,875 primary school children (7.1 ± 0.6 years; 50 % male) were included in the analyses. Lateral jumping performance was used as a proxy for whole-body coordination and the 6-min run for cardiovascular fitness. Parental health-related behaviours, attitudes and sociodemographic variables were assessed via questionnaire. Regression analyses, adjusting for age and BMI, were performed separately for boys and girls.
The final models of the regression analyses showed that children's age and BMI are significantly related to PF. Mothers' self-efficacy to encourage their children to be active is significantly associated with boys' coordination and cardiovascular fitness and girls' coordination. Mothers' PA affects PF in boys, not in girls. Maternal smoking has a significantly negative effect on both boys' and girls' cardiovascular fitness.
This study shows that parental health-related behaviours and self-efficacy to encourage their children to be active affect children's PF. Influencing factors, however, differ in girls and boys, and mothers seem especially influential.
已知身体活动（PA）与身体素质（PF）密切相关。各种环境和生物限制因素已被证明会影响儿童的身体活动，父母是其子女身体活动行为的重要决定因素之一。然而，关于父母对儿童身体素质的影响却知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是确定父母与健康相关的行为和态度对男孩和女孩身体素质的影响。
分析纳入了1875名小学生（7.1±0.6岁；50%为男性）的基线数据。用侧向跳跃表现作为全身协调性的指标，6分钟跑作为心血管适能的指标。通过问卷调查评估父母与健康相关的行为、态度和社会人口学变量。对男孩和女孩分别进行了调整年龄和体重指数的回归分析。
回归分析的最终模型显示，儿童的年龄和体重指数与身体素质显著相关。母亲鼓励孩子积极活动的自我效能感与男孩的协调性和心血管适能以及女孩的协调性显著相关。母亲的身体活动对男孩的身体素质有影响，对女孩则没有。母亲吸烟对男孩和女孩的心血管适能均有显著负面影响。
本研究表明，父母与健康相关的行为以及鼓励孩子积极活动的自我效能感会影响儿童的身体素质。然而，影响因素在女孩和男孩中有所不同，母亲似乎尤其具有影响力。
