Faculty Social Work, Health & Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany.
Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 17;17(24):9463. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249463.
Overweight and obesity, as well as their associated risk factors for diseases, are already prevalent in childhood and, therefore, promoting healthy eating is important. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) and early health-promotion can be helpful in promoting healthy eating. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of PSE on children's nutrition behavior and identify PSE as a mediator between an intervention and children's nutrition. The kindergarten-based health-promotion program "Join the Healthy Boat" was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial with 558 children (4.7 ± 0.6 years; 52.3% male) participating at both times. Linear and logistic regressions as well as mediation analyses with potential covariates such as parental outcome expectancies or parental nutrition were carried out using questionnaire data. In children, PSE was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake ( = 0.237; < 0.001) and showed a protective effect on soft drink consumption ( 0.728; = 0.002). Parental nutrition was a stronger predictor of children's intake of fruit, vegetables ( = 0.451; < 0.001), and soft drinks ( 7.188; < 0.001). There was no mediator effect of PSE. However, outcome expectancies were associated with PSE ( = 0.169; = 0.032). In conclusion, interventions should promote self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and healthy nutrition for parents as well in order to strengthen the healthy eating habits of children.
超重和肥胖以及与其相关的疾病风险因素已经在儿童中普遍存在，因此，促进健康饮食非常重要。父母的自我效能感（PSE）和早期健康促进有助于促进健康饮食。本研究旨在探讨 PSE 对儿童营养行为的影响，并确定 PSE 作为干预与儿童营养之间的中介因素。基于幼儿园的健康促进计划“加入健康之船”在一项随机对照试验中进行了评估，共有 558 名儿童（4.7±0.6 岁；52.3%为男性）在两个时间点参与。使用问卷调查数据进行线性和逻辑回归以及中介分析，潜在协变量如父母的结果预期或父母的营养状况。在儿童中，PSE 与水果和蔬菜摄入量呈正相关（ = 0.237； < 0.001），并对软饮料消费有保护作用（ 0.728； = 0.002）。父母的营养状况是儿童水果、蔬菜摄入量（ = 0.451； < 0.001）和软饮料摄入量（ 7.188； < 0.001）的更强预测因素。PSE 没有中介作用。然而，结果预期与 PSE 相关（ = 0.169； = 0.032）。总之，干预措施应促进父母的自我效能感、结果预期和健康营养，以加强儿童的健康饮食习惯。
