Malkova Ludise, Alvarado Maria C, Bachevalier Jocelyne
Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2016 Feb;26(2):618-27. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu227. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
Unlike adult damage, neonatal damage to the inferior prefrontal convexity (IC) in monkeys spares learning and performance on the delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) task ( Málková et al. 2000). We investigated whether this sparing was due to compensation by undamaged orbital frontal cortex (O), an area also critical for DNMS, by comparing combined IC and O damage (Neo-ICO) with damage to O alone (Neo-O). Group Neo-ICO was impaired on DNMS learning at 3 months and 2 years of age. In contrast, Group Neo-O was impaired at 3 months, but recovered this function by 2 years, compared with Neo-IC and controls (N). We propose that the intact IC assumed the function of learning the DNMS rule for Group Neo-O. The persistent impairment after Neo-ICO lesions suggests that whereas O may likely support the rule acquisition in the absence of IC, no compensatory mechanisms are available after the combined damage. For the memory of lists of items, all groups were impaired at 3 months. At 2 years, the performance of Groups N and Neo-IC dramatically improved, whereas that of groups with O damage (Neo-O and Neo-ICO) remained impaired, indicating a critical role for O in recognition memory that cannot be substituted by another area.
与成年猴损伤不同，新生猴下前额叶凸面（IC）受损不会影响其在延迟非匹配样本（DNMS）任务中的学习和表现（马尔科娃等人，2000年）。我们通过比较IC和O联合损伤组（新生猴ICO组）与仅O损伤组（新生猴O组），研究了这种 spared现象是否是由于未受损的眶额叶皮质（O）的代偿作用，O区域对DNMS任务也至关重要。新生猴ICO组在3个月和2岁时的DNMS学习能力受损。相比之下，新生猴O组在3个月时受损，但到2岁时恢复了该功能，与新生猴IC组和对照组（N）相比。我们认为，完整的IC承担了新生猴O组学习DNMS规则的功能。新生猴ICO损伤后的持续损伤表明，虽然在没有IC的情况下O可能支持规则获取，但联合损伤后没有可用的代偿机制。对于项目列表的记忆，所有组在3个月时均受损。在2岁时，N组和新生猴IC组的表现显著改善，而有O损伤的组（新生猴O组和新生猴ICO组）的表现仍然受损，表明O在识别记忆中起关键作用，不能被其他区域替代。
