Glickenhaus Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
J Neurosci. 2013 Jun 5;33(23):9667-74. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5759-12.2013.
Neural mechanisms in the temporal lobe are essential for recognition memory. Evidence from human functional imaging and neuropsychology, and monkey neurophysiology and neuropsychology also suggests a role for prefrontal cortex in recognition memory. To examine the interaction of these cortical regions in support of recognition memory we tested rhesus monkeys with prefrontal-inferotemporal (PFC-IT) cortical disconnection on two recognition memory tasks, a "constant negative" task, and delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS). In the constant negative task monkeys were presented with sets of 100 discrimination problems. In each problem one unrewarded object was presented once every day, and became familiar over the course of several days testing. The other, rewarded object was always novel. In this task monkeys learned to avoid the familiar constant negatives and choose the novel objects, so performance on this task is guided by a sense of familiarity for the constant negatives. Following PFC-IT disconnection monkeys were severely impaired at reacquiring the rule (to avoid familiar items) but were subsequently unimpaired at acquiring new constant negative problems, thus displaying intact familiarity recognition. The same monkeys were impaired in the acquisition of the DNMS task, as well as memory for lists of objects. This dissociation between two tests of recognition memory is best explained in terms of our general hypothesis that PFC-IT interactions support the representation of temporally complex events, which is necessary in DNMS but not in constant negative. These findings, furthermore, indicate that stimulus familiarity can be represented in temporal cortex without input from prefrontal cortex.
颞叶中的神经机制对于识别记忆至关重要。来自人类功能成像和神经心理学、猴子神经生理学和神经心理学的证据也表明，前额叶皮层在识别记忆中起作用。为了研究这些皮质区域的相互作用以支持识别记忆，我们对前额叶-下颞叶（PFC-IT）皮质断开的恒河猴进行了两项识别记忆任务的测试，即“恒定负性”任务和延迟非匹配样本任务（DNMS）。在恒定负性任务中，猴子接受了一组 100 个辨别问题。在每个问题中，每天呈现一个未奖励的物体一次，并且在几天的测试中变得熟悉。另一个奖励的物体总是新的。在这个任务中，猴子学会了避免熟悉的恒定负性并选择新的物体，因此，这个任务的表现受到对恒定负性的熟悉感的指导。在 PFC-IT 断开后，猴子在重新获得规则（避免熟悉的项目）方面严重受损，但随后在获得新的恒定负性问题方面不受影响，因此表现出完整的熟悉识别。同一批猴子在 DNMS 任务以及物体列表的记忆方面受损。这种两种识别记忆测试之间的分离最好用我们的一般假设来解释，即 PFC-IT 相互作用支持时间复杂事件的表示，这在 DNMS 中是必要的，但在恒定负性中不是必要的。此外，这些发现表明，刺激熟悉度可以在没有前额叶皮层输入的情况下在颞叶中表示。
