Lin Suewei, Owald David, Chandra Vikram, Talbot Clifford, Huetteroth Wolf, Waddell Scott
Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
1] Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Balliol College, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nat Neurosci. 2014 Nov;17(11):1536-42. doi: 10.1038/nn.3827. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
Drinking water is innately rewarding to thirsty animals. In addition, the consumed value can be assigned to behavioral actions and predictive sensory cues by associative learning. Here we show that thirst converts water avoidance into water-seeking in naive Drosophila melanogaster. Thirst also permitted flies to learn olfactory cues paired with water reward. Water learning required water taste and <40 water-responsive dopaminergic neurons that innervate a restricted zone of the mushroom body γ lobe. These water learning neurons are different from those that are critical for conveying the reinforcing effects of sugar. Naive water-seeking behavior in thirsty flies did not require water taste but relied on another subset of water-responsive dopaminergic neurons that target the mushroom body β' lobe. Furthermore, these naive water-approach neurons were not required for learned water-seeking. Our results therefore demonstrate that naive water-seeking, learned water-seeking and water learning use separable neural circuitry in the brain of thirsty flies.
饮水对口渴的动物来说本身就是一种奖赏。此外，通过联想学习，所消耗的价值可以被赋予行为动作和预测性感觉线索。在这里，我们表明，口渴会使原本对水避而远之的黑腹果蝇转而寻求水。口渴还使果蝇能够学习与水奖赏配对的嗅觉线索。水学习需要水味觉以及支配蘑菇体γ叶受限区域的不到40个对水有反应的多巴胺能神经元。这些水学习神经元不同于那些对传递糖的强化作用至关重要的神经元。口渴果蝇的原始寻水行为不需要水味觉，而是依赖于另一组靶向蘑菇体β'叶的对水有反应的多巴胺能神经元。此外，这些原始的趋水神经元对于习得的寻水行为并非必需。因此，我们的结果表明，口渴果蝇大脑中的原始寻水、习得寻水和水学习使用的是可分离的神经回路。
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