Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705 USA; ; Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. ; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705 USA;
Persoonia. 2014 Jun;32:83-101. doi: 10.3767/003158514X679984. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Species of Diaporthe are important plant pathogens of a wide range of hosts worldwide. In the present study the species causing melanose and stem end rot diseases of Citrus spp. are revised. Three species of Diaporthe occurring on Citrus are characterised, including D. citri, D. cytosporella and D. foeniculina. Morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the complete nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of actin, beta-tubulin, calmodulin and translation elongation factor 1-α were used to resolve species on Citrus and related Diaporthe species. Diaporthe citri occurs on Citrus throughout the Citrus-growing regions of the world. Diaporthe cytosporella is found on Citrus in Europe and California (USA). Diaporthe foeniculina, including the synonym D. neotheicola, is recognised as a species with an extensive host range including Citrus. Diaporthe medusaea, a name widely used for D. citri, was determined to be a synonym of D. rudis, a species with a broad host range. Diaporthe citri is delimited based on molecular phylogenetic analysis with the inclusion of the conserved ex-type and additional collections from different geographic locations worldwide. Diaporthe cytosporella, D. foeniculina and D. rudis are epitypified, fully described and illustrated with a review of all synonyms based on molecular data and morphological studies. Newly designed primers are introduced to optimise the amplification and sequencing of calmodulin and actin genes in Diaporthe. A discussion is provided of the utility of genes and the need for multi-gene phylogenies when distinguishing species of Diaporthe or describing new species.
层出孔菌属的种是世界范围内广泛宿主的重要植物病原菌。本研究修订了引起柑橘属植物黑腐病和茎端腐烂病的种。对发生在柑橘属上的三种层出孔菌进行了特征描述，包括柑橘间座壳、细胞座壳和细辛壳。利用完整核核糖体内转录间隔区和肌动蛋白、β-微管蛋白、钙调蛋白和翻译伸长因子 1-α的部分序列的形态学和系统发育分析，解决了柑橘属和相关层出孔菌属种的问题。柑橘间座壳发生在世界各地的柑橘种植区。细胞座壳在欧洲和加利福尼亚（美国）的柑橘上发现。细辛壳，包括同义词 D. neotheicola，被认为是一种具有广泛宿主范围的物种，包括柑橘。被广泛用于 D. citri 的 D. medusaea，被确定为 D. rudis 的同义词，D. rudis 是一种具有广泛宿主范围的物种。柑橘间座壳是根据分子系统发育分析进行限定的，包括保守的 ex-type 和来自世界各地不同地理位置的其他收集物。细胞座壳、细辛壳和 D. rudis 被选为模式种，进行了全面描述和插图，并基于分子数据和形态学研究对所有同义词进行了综述。介绍了新设计的引物，以优化在层出孔菌中钙调蛋白和肌动蛋白基因的扩增和测序。讨论了基因的有用性以及在区分层出孔菌种或描述新种时需要多基因系统发育的问题。
