BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Both inflammation and fibrosis may be detected in Crohn's disease (CD). The molecular pattern of Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (bFGF) and Syndecan-1 (SD1) expression is altered in stenosing CD, but we do not know what the behaviour of this teamwork factor is in CD in deep remission under treatment with anti-TNFα antibodies. Our aim was to compare the expression of bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α in patients with CD in deep remission under treatment with Infliximab (IFX) or Adalimumab (ADA) and a control group of patients with active CD. METHODS: We assessed the expression of bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α in 10 patients with active CD and in 28 patients with CD in sustained deep remission for at least 6 months. All patients underwent surveillance colonoscopy with biopsies, while receiving maintenance therapy with IFX or ADA. Analysis was conducted by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in biopsy samples. RESULTS: We found that bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α were significantly reduced under treatment with anti-TNFα versus controls (p=0.000). bFGF and SD1 expression were similar between IFX and ADA patients (p=0.335 and p=0.289, respectively), while TNF-α was significantly under-expressed in ADA patients (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α are significantly reduced in CD patients in deep remission under treatment with anti-TNFα, likely as an expression of optimal control of inflammation. The significance of the TNF-α under-expression in patients under treatment with ADA with respect to those under treatment with IFX should be elucidated in further studies.