Gursky Elin A, Burkle Frederick M, Hamon David W, Walker Peter, Benjamin Georges C
Biosecur Bioterror. 2014 Nov-Dec;12(6):310-7. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2014.0025.
Both US foreign policy and global attention attest to the strategic, economic, and political importance of Asia. Yet, the region faces urgent challenges that must be addressed if it is to remain stable and prosperous. The densely populated countries of the Asia-Pacific are beleaguered by poverty, population displacement, decreasing access to potable water and adequate sanitation, and high rates of disease morbidity and mortality. New and reemerging diseases known to have originated in Asia over the past decades have spread globally by international trade, tourism, worker migration, and agricultural exportation. Unremitting naturally occurring and man-made disasters have strained Southeast Asia's already fragile disaster and public health response infrastructures and the essential services they provide (eg, surveillance, vaccination, maternal and child health, and mental health programs). Following disasters, governments often contract with the broader humanitarian community (eg, indigenous and international NGOs) and seek the assistance of militaries to provide essential services. Yet, their roles and capabilities in addressing acute and chronic health issues in the wake of complex disasters remain unclear. Current mechanisms of nation-state and outside organization interaction, including dissimilar operational platforms, may limit true partnership on behalf of the health security mission. Additionally, concerns regarding skill sets and the lack of standards-based training raise questions about the balance between developing internal response capabilities and professionalizing external, deployable resources. Both the mega-disasters that are forecast for the region and the global health security threats that are expected to emanate from them require an increased focus on improving the Asia-Pacific's emergency preparedness and response posture.
美国的外交政策和全球关注都证明了亚洲在战略、经济和政治上的重要性。然而,该地区面临着紧迫的挑战,如果要保持稳定和繁荣,就必须加以应对。亚太地区人口密集的国家饱受贫困、人口流离失所、饮用水和卫生设施供应减少以及疾病发病率和死亡率高等问题的困扰。在过去几十年里,已知起源于亚洲的新出现和再度出现的疾病通过国际贸易、旅游业、劳动力迁移和农产品出口传播到了全球。持续不断的自然和人为灾害使东南亚本就脆弱的灾害和公共卫生应对基础设施及其提供的基本服务(如监测、疫苗接种、母婴健康和心理健康项目)不堪重负。灾害发生后,政府往往与更广泛的人道主义团体(如本土和国际非政府组织)签约,并寻求军队的援助来提供基本服务。然而,它们在应对复杂灾害后的急性和慢性健康问题方面的作用和能力仍不明确。当前国家与外部组织互动的机制,包括不同的行动平台,可能会限制为实现卫生安全使命而建立的真正伙伴关系。此外,对技能组合的担忧以及缺乏基于标准的培训,引发了关于发展内部应对能力与使外部可部署资源专业化之间平衡的问题。无论是预计该地区会发生的重大灾害,还是预计由此产生的全球卫生安全威胁,都需要更加关注改善亚太地区的应急准备和应对态势。