Wolfe J M, Cave K R, Franzel S L
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1989 Aug;15(3):419-33. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.15.3.419.
Subjects searched sets of items for targets defined by conjunctions of color and form, color and orientation, or color and size. Set size was varied and reaction times (RT) were measured. For many unpracticed subjects, the slopes of the resulting RT X Set Size functions are too shallow to be consistent with Treisman's feature integration model, which proposes serial, self-terminating search for conjunctions. Searches for triple conjunctions (Color X Size X Form) are easier than searches for standard conjunctions and can be independent of set size. A guided search model similar to Hoffman's (1979) two-stage model can account for these data. In the model, parallel processes use information about simple features to guide attention in the search for conjunctions. Triple conjunctions are found more efficiently than standard conjunctions because three parallel processes can guide attention more effectively than two.
受试者在一组组物品中搜索由颜色与形状、颜色与方向或颜色与大小的组合所定义的目标。集合大小有所变化，并测量了反应时间（RT）。对于许多未经过训练的受试者而言，所得的反应时间X集合大小函数的斜率过浅，无法与特雷斯曼的特征整合模型相一致，该模型提出对组合进行串行、自终止搜索。对三重组合（颜色X大小X形状）的搜索比对标准组合的搜索更容易，并且可以独立于集合大小。一种类似于霍夫曼（1979）两阶段模型的引导搜索模型可以解释这些数据。在该模型中，并行过程利用关于简单特征的信息在搜索组合时引导注意力。发现三重组合比标准组合更有效，因为三个并行过程比两个并行过程能更有效地引导注意力。
