Klein Jennifer L, Allen Harriet A, Clibbens John, Cook Amy, Amanatidou Virginia, Mavritsaki Eirini
Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Curzon Building, 4 Cardigan Street, Birmingham, B4 7BD, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2025 Jul 24;25(1):51. doi: 10.1007/s11910-025-01435-5.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairing levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that adversely impact functioning across social, academic/occupational and home settings. While the name of the disorder implies obvious difficulties in attention, research has struggled to consistently identify a precise neurocognitive marker. This article aims to characterize the functioning of selective visual attention in ADHD by reviewing previous studies that compare individuals with ADHD and healthy controls at the behavioral and neural levels using single-frame visual search tasks.
Past research indicates both bottom-up (stimulus-driven) and top-down (goal-driven) attention across both time and space are likely affected in ADHD. However, more research is needed to illuminate the specific mechanisms involved. Ultimately, this narrative review aims to highlight the importance of studying selective visual attention in ADHD to explain the heterogeneous symptoms and impairments of this complex disorder, as well as to build a stronger bridge between the high-level behaviors of ADHD and their underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
注意力缺陷多动障碍是一种常见的神经发育障碍，其特征在于注意力不集中、多动和冲动程度达到损害水平，对社交、学业/职业和家庭环境中的功能产生不利影响。虽然该障碍的名称暗示了在注意力方面存在明显困难，但研究一直难以始终如一地确定一个精确的神经认知标志物。本文旨在通过回顾以往使用单帧视觉搜索任务在行为和神经水平上比较注意力缺陷多动障碍患者与健康对照者的研究，来描述注意力缺陷多动障碍中选择性视觉注意力的功能。
过去的研究表明，注意力缺陷多动障碍患者在时间和空间上的自下而上（刺激驱动）和自上而下（目标驱动）注意力可能都受到影响。然而，需要更多研究来阐明其中涉及的具体机制。最终，本叙述性综述旨在强调研究注意力缺陷多动障碍中选择性视觉注意力的重要性，以解释这种复杂障碍的异质性症状和损害，以及在注意力缺陷多动障碍的高级行为与其潜在神经生物学机制之间建立更紧密的联系。
