Caris Aline V, Lira Fábio S, de Mello Marco T, Oyama Lila M, dos Santos Ronaldo V T
Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Nutrition, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2014 Nov-Dec;30(11-12):1331-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.03.019. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation, or a combination of the two, on the immune system and inflammatory parameters after exercise in simulated hypoxic conditions at 4500 m.
Nine men underwent three sessions of exercise at 70% VO2peak until exhaustion as follows: 1) hypoxia with a placebo; 2) hypoxia with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after; and 3) hypoxia after 6 d of glutamine supplementation (20 g/d) and supplementation with 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min) during exercise and for 2 h after. All procedures were randomized and double blind. Blood was collected at rest, immediately before exercise, after the completion of exercise, and 2 h after recovery. Glutamine, cortisol, cytokines, glucose, heat shock protein-70, and erythropoietin were measured in serum, and the cytokine production from lymphocytes was measured.
Erythropoietin and interleukin (IL)-6 increased after exercise in the hypoxia group compared with baseline. IL-6 was higher in the hypoxia group than pre-exercise after exercise and after 2 h recovery. Cortisol did not change, whereas glucose was elevated post-exercise in the three groups compared with baseline and pre-exercise. Glutamine increased in the hypoxia + carbohydrate + glutamine group after exercise compared with baseline. Heat shock protein-70 increased post-exercise compared with baseline and pre-exercise and after recovery compared with pre-exercise, in the hypoxia + carbohydrate group. No difference was observed in IL-2 and IL-6 production from lymphocytes. IL-4 was reduced in the supplemented groups.
Carbohydrate or glutamine supplementation shifts the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance toward Th1 responses after exercise at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. The nutritional strategies increased in IL-6, suggesting an important anti-inflammatory effect.
本研究旨在评估补充碳水化合物或谷氨酰胺，或二者联合补充，对在4500米模拟低氧环境下运动后免疫系统和炎症参数的影响。
九名男性进行了三次运动试验，运动强度为最大摄氧量（VO₂peak）的70%，直至力竭，具体如下：1）低氧环境下服用安慰剂；2）低氧环境下，运动期间及运动后2小时补充8%的麦芽糊精（200毫升/20分钟）；3）补充谷氨酰胺6天（20克/天）后处于低氧环境，运动期间及运动后2小时补充8%的麦芽糊精（200毫升/20分钟）。所有程序均采用随机双盲设计。在静息状态、运动前即刻、运动结束后以及恢复2小时后采集血液。检测血清中的谷氨酰胺、皮质醇、细胞因子、葡萄糖、热休克蛋白-70和促红细胞生成素，并检测淋巴细胞产生的细胞因子。
与基线相比，低氧组运动后促红细胞生成素和白细胞介素（IL）-6升高。运动后及恢复2小时后，低氧组的IL-6高于运动前。皮质醇无变化，而与基线和运动前相比，三组运动后葡萄糖均升高。与基线相比，低氧+碳水化合物+谷氨酰胺组运动后谷氨酰胺增加。与基线和运动前相比，低氧+碳水化合物组运动后热休克蛋白-70升高，恢复后与运动前相比也升高。淋巴细胞产生的IL-2和IL-6无差异。补充组的IL-4降低。
在4500米模拟海拔高度运动后，补充碳水化合物或谷氨酰胺会使辅助性T细胞（Th）1/Th2平衡向Th1反应偏移。营养策略使IL-6增加，提示具有重要的抗炎作用。
