Bhardwaj Nandana, Devi Dipali, Mandal Biman B
Seri-Biotechnology Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, India.
Macromol Biosci. 2015 Feb;15(2):153-82. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201400335. Epub 2014 Oct 3.
Damage to cartilage represents one of the most challenging tasks of musculoskeletal therapeutics due to its limited propensity for healing and regenerative capabilities. Lack of current treatments to restore cartilage tissue function has prompted research in this rapidly emerging field of tissue regeneration of functional cartilage tissue substitutes. The development of cartilaginous tissue largely depends on the combination of appropriate biomaterials, cell source, and stimulating factors. Over the years, various biomaterials have been utilized for cartilage repair, but outcomes are far from achieving native cartilage architecture and function. This highlights the need for exploration of suitable biomaterials and stimulating factors for cartilage regeneration. With these perspectives, we aim to present an overview of cartilage tissue engineering with recent progress, development, and major steps taken toward the generation of functional cartilage tissue. In this review, we have discussed the advances and problems in tissue engineering of cartilage with strong emphasis on the utilization of natural polymeric biomaterials, various cell sources, and stimulating factors such as biophysical stimuli, mechanical stimuli, dynamic culture, and growth factors used so far in cartilage regeneration. Finally, we have focused on clinical trials, recent innovations, and future prospects related to cartilage engineering.
由于软骨愈合倾向有限且再生能力不足，软骨损伤是肌肉骨骼治疗中最具挑战性的任务之一。目前缺乏恢复软骨组织功能的治疗方法，这促使人们在功能性软骨组织替代物这一迅速兴起的组织再生领域展开研究。软骨组织的发育很大程度上取决于合适的生物材料、细胞来源和刺激因子的组合。多年来，各种生物材料已被用于软骨修复，但结果远未达到天然软骨的结构和功能。这凸显了探索适合软骨再生的生物材料和刺激因子的必要性。基于这些观点，我们旨在概述软骨组织工程的最新进展、发展情况以及为生成功能性软骨组织所采取的主要步骤。在本综述中，我们讨论了软骨组织工程的进展和问题，重点强调了天然高分子生物材料的利用、各种细胞来源以及刺激因子，如生物物理刺激、机械刺激、动态培养和迄今为止在软骨再生中使用的生长因子。最后，我们关注了与软骨工程相关的临床试验、近期创新和未来前景。
