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棘阿米巴18S rRNA基因分型系统的系统发育分析与进化

Phylogenetic analysis and the evolution of the 18S rRNA gene typing system of Acanthamoeba.

作者信息

Fuerst Paul A, Booton Gregory C, Crary Monica

机构信息

Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

出版信息

J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2015 Jan-Feb;62(1):69-84. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12186.

Abstract

Species of Acanthamoeba were first described using morphological characters including cyst structure and cytology of nuclear division. More than 20 nominal species were proposed using these methods. Morphology, especially cyst shape and size, has proven to be plastic and dependent upon culture conditions. The DNA sequence of the nuclear small-subunit (18S) rRNA, the Rns gene, has become the most widely accepted method for rapid diagnosis and classification of Acanthamoeba. The Byers-Fuerst lab first proposed an Rns typing system in 1996. Subsequent refinements, with an increasing DNA database and analysis of diagnostic fragments within the gene, have become widely accepted by the Acanthamoeba research community. The development of the typing system, including its current state of implementation is illustrated by three cases: (i) the division between sequence types T13 and T16; (ii) the diversity within sequence supertype T2/T6, and (iii) verification of a new sequence type, designated T20. Molecular studies make clear the disconnection between phylogenetic relatedness and species names, as applied for the genus Acanthamoeba. Future reconciliation of genetic types with species names must become a priority, but the possible shortcomings of the use of a single gene when reconstructing the evolutionary history of the acanthamoebidae must also be resolved.

摘要

棘阿米巴属的物种最初是根据包括包囊结构和核分裂细胞学在内的形态学特征来描述的。使用这些方法提出了20多个名义种。形态学,尤其是包囊的形状和大小,已被证明具有可塑性,并取决于培养条件。核糖体小亚基(18S)rRNA的DNA序列,即Rns基因,已成为棘阿米巴快速诊断和分类最广泛接受的方法。拜尔斯 - 富尔斯特实验室于1996年首次提出了一种Rns分型系统。随着DNA数据库的不断增加以及对基因内诊断片段的分析,随后的改进已被棘阿米巴研究界广泛接受。通过三个案例说明了分型系统的发展,包括其当前的实施状态:(i)序列类型T13和T16之间的划分;(ii)序列超型T2/T6内的多样性,以及(iii)一种新的序列类型T20的验证。分子研究明确了在棘阿米巴属中系统发育相关性与物种名称之间的脱节。未来将基因类型与物种名称进行协调必须成为优先事项,但在重建棘阿米巴科进化历史时使用单一基因可能存在的缺点也必须得到解决。

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