The University of Queensland Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research and The UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Australia; The National Addiction Centre, Kings College London, London, UK; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
Addiction. 2015 Jan;110(1):19-35. doi: 10.1111/add.12703. Epub 2014 Oct 7.
To examine changes in the evidence on the adverse health effects of cannabis since 1993.
A comparison of the evidence in 1993 with the evidence and interpretation of the same health outcomes in 2013.
Research in the past 20 years has shown that driving while cannabis-impaired approximately doubles car crash risk and that around one in 10 regular cannabis users develop dependence. Regular cannabis use in adolescence approximately doubles the risks of early school-leaving and of cognitive impairment and psychoses in adulthood. Regular cannabis use in adolescence is also associated strongly with the use of other illicit drugs. These associations persist after controlling for plausible confounding variables in longitudinal studies. This suggests that cannabis use is a contributory cause of these outcomes but some researchers still argue that these relationships are explained by shared causes or risk factors. Cannabis smoking probably increases cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged adults but its effects on respiratory function and respiratory cancer remain unclear, because most cannabis smokers have smoked or still smoke tobacco.
The epidemiological literature in the past 20 years shows that cannabis use increases the risk of accidents and can produce dependence, and that there are consistent associations between regular cannabis use and poor psychosocial outcomes and mental health in adulthood.
自 1993 年以来，考察有关大麻对健康的不良影响的证据变化情况。
对 1993 年的证据与 2013 年相同健康结果的证据和解释进行比较。
过去 20 年的研究表明，大麻影响下开车使车祸风险增加约一倍，约十分之一的经常吸食大麻者会产生依赖性。青少年时期经常吸食大麻使早期辍学和成年后认知障碍和精神病的风险增加约一倍。青少年时期经常吸食大麻也与其他非法药物的使用密切相关。在纵向研究中，对合理的混杂变量进行控制后，这些关联仍然存在。这表明大麻的使用是这些结果的一个促成因素，但一些研究人员仍认为这些关系是由共同的原因或风险因素解释的。大麻吸烟可能会增加中年成年人的心血管疾病风险，但它对呼吸功能和呼吸道癌症的影响仍不清楚，因为大多数大麻吸烟者都吸烟或仍在吸烟。
过去 20 年的流行病学文献表明，大麻的使用会增加事故风险，并可能导致依赖性，而且经常使用大麻与成年后不良的心理社会结果和心理健康之间存在一致的关联。
