Institute of General Practice (ifam), Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; Institute of General Practice (ifam), Patient-Physician Communication Research Unit, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE); Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig; IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Center for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Munich; Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment, Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München, Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cannabinoid Research Group, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2024 Jan 26;121(2):52-57. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0237.
The federal government of Germany is planning to liberalize the recreational cannabis market for adults. We aimed to collect key baseline data on frequency of use, routes of administration, and co-use of cannabis and inhaled nicotine or tobacco products in the population.
Based on data from a national survey of 9644 people aged >14 years, we analyzed self-reported use of cannabis in the past 12 months and preferred route of administration (single choice: smoked with tobacco; smoked without tobacco; inhaled without tobacco; consumed with food; consumed in another form).
The prevalence of past-year cannabis use was 4.6% (95% CI [4,2; 5,1%]), with higher rates among 14-24- (11.4%) and 25-39-year-olds (8.2%) as well as among co-users of inhaled nicotine or tobacco products, particularly waterpipe users (27.0%). Smoking cannabis with or without tobacco was the preferred route of administration, reported by 92.4% (95% CI [89,6; 94,6%]). It was most frequently reported by 14-24-year-olds and by co-users of inhaled nicotine or tobacco products.
Smoking remains the predominant form of using cannabis-especially among younger users, who are at greatest risk of cannabis-related consequences. The true prevalence of cannabis use may have been underestimated in our study, however, as not all participants answered the questions on cannabis. Nevertheless, preventive and harm reduction efforts are needed to reduce the harm from using cannabis. Continuous monitoring is required to evaluate the effects of the forthcoming law changes in Germany.
德国联邦政府正计划使成人休闲用大麻合法化。我们旨在收集该人群中关于使用频率、给药途径以及大麻与吸入尼古丁或烟草制品共同使用的关键基线数据。
基于一项针对 >14 岁人群的全国性调查数据，我们分析了过去 12 个月内自我报告的大麻使用情况和首选给药途径（单项选择：与烟草一起吸烟；不与烟草一起吸烟；不与烟草一起吸入；与食物一起摄入；以其他形式摄入）。
过去一年大麻使用的流行率为 4.6%（95%CI[4,2;5,1%]），14-24 岁（11.4%）和 25-39 岁（8.2%）人群以及吸入尼古丁或烟草制品的共同使用者（尤其是水烟使用者）中报告的比率更高，达到 27.0%。与或不与烟草一起吸烟是首选的给药途径，报告率为 92.4%（95%CI[89,6;94,6%]）。它最常被 14-24 岁人群以及吸入尼古丁或烟草制品的共同使用者报告。
吸烟仍然是使用大麻的主要形式-尤其是在风险最高的年轻使用者中。然而，在我们的研究中，大麻使用的真实流行率可能被低估了，因为并非所有参与者都回答了关于大麻的问题。尽管如此，仍需要采取预防和减少伤害的措施，以减少大麻使用带来的伤害。需要持续监测，以评估德国即将出台的法律变化的效果。
