Buysschaert Martin, Medina José Luís, Bergman Michael, Shah Avni, Lonier Jaqueline
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Clinic Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Endocrine. 2015 Mar;48(2):371-93. doi: 10.1007/s12020-014-0436-2. Epub 2014 Oct 8.
Prediabetes represents an elevation of plasma glucose above the normal range but below that of clinical diabetes. Prediabetes includes individuals with IFG, IGT, IFG with IGT and elevated HbA1c levels. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are characteristic of this disorder. The diagnosis of prediabetesis is vital as both IFG and IGT are indeed well-known risk factors for type 2 diabetes with a greater risk in the presence of combined IFG and IGT. Furthermore, as will be illustrated in this review, prediabetes is associated with associated disorders typically only considered in with established diabetes. These include cardiovascular disease, periodontal disease, cognitive dysfunction, microvascular disease, blood pressure abnormalities, obstructive sleep apnea, low testosterone, metabolic syndrome, various biomarkers, fatty liver disease, and cancer. As the vast majority of individuals with prediabetes are unaware of their diagnosis, it is therefore vital that the associated conditions are identified, particularly in the presence of mild hyperglycemia, so they may benefit from early intervention.
糖尿病前期是指血浆葡萄糖水平高于正常范围但低于临床糖尿病水平。糖尿病前期包括空腹血糖受损（IFG）、糖耐量受损（IGT）、同时存在IFG和IGT以及糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平升高的个体。胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍是这种疾病的特征。糖尿病前期的诊断至关重要，因为IFG和IGT都是2型糖尿病的公认危险因素，同时存在IFG和IGT时风险更高。此外，正如本综述将阐述的，糖尿病前期与通常仅在确诊糖尿病时才考虑的相关疾病有关。这些疾病包括心血管疾病、牙周病、认知功能障碍、微血管疾病、血压异常、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、低睾酮、代谢综合征、各种生物标志物、脂肪肝疾病和癌症。由于绝大多数糖尿病前期个体并未意识到自己的病情，因此识别相关病症至关重要，尤其是在存在轻度高血糖的情况下，以便他们能从早期干预中获益。
