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洄游性海洋物种黑鼻鲨(Carcharhinus acronotus)的当代种群结构与冰期后遗传人口统计学

Contemporary population structure and post-glacial genetic demography in a migratory marine species, the blacknose shark, Carcharhinus acronotus.

作者信息

Portnoy D S, Hollenbeck C M, Belcher C N, Driggers W B, Frazier B S, Gelsleichter J, Grubbs R D, Gold J R

机构信息

Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA.

出版信息

Mol Ecol. 2014 Nov;23(22):5480-95. doi: 10.1111/mec.12954. Epub 2014 Nov 4.

Abstract

Patterns of population structure and historical genetic demography of blacknose sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean were assessed using variation in nuclear-encoded microsatellites and sequences of mitochondrial (mt)DNA. Significant heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers to gene flow, based on microsatellites and/or mtDNA, revealed the occurrence of five genetic populations localized to five geographic regions: the southeastern U.S Atlantic coast, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the western Gulf of Mexico, Bay of Campeche in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas. Pairwise estimates of genetic divergence between sharks in the Bahamas and those in all other localities were more than an order of magnitude higher than between pairwise comparisons involving the other localities. Demographic modelling indicated that sharks in all five regions diverged after the last glacial maximum and, except for the Bahamas, experienced post-glacial, population expansion. The patterns of genetic variation also suggest that the southern Gulf of Mexico may have served as a glacial refuge and source for the expansion. Results of the study demonstrate that barriers to gene flow and historical genetic demography contributed to contemporary patterns of population structure in a coastal migratory species living in an otherwise continuous marine habitat. The results also indicate that for many marine species, failure to properly characterize barriers in terms of levels of contemporary gene flow could in part be due to inferences based solely on equilibrium assumptions. This could lead to erroneous conclusions regarding levels of connectivity in species of conservation concern.

摘要

利用核编码微卫星的变异和线粒体(mt)DNA序列,评估了北大西洋西部黑鼻鲨的种群结构模式和历史遗传人口统计学。基于微卫星和/或mtDNA的显著异质性和/或推断的基因流障碍,揭示了五个遗传种群的存在,这些种群分布在五个地理区域:美国东南大西洋海岸、墨西哥湾东部、墨西哥湾西部、墨西哥湾南部的坎佩切湾和巴哈马群岛。巴哈马群岛鲨鱼与所有其他地区鲨鱼之间的遗传分化成对估计值,比涉及其他地区的成对比较高出一个数量级以上。人口统计学模型表明,所有五个区域的鲨鱼在末次盛冰期之后出现分化,除了巴哈马群岛,其他地区的鲨鱼经历了冰期后的种群扩张。遗传变异模式还表明,墨西哥湾南部可能曾作为冰川避难所和扩张的源头。研究结果表明,基因流障碍和历史遗传人口统计学促成了生活在原本连续海洋栖息地的沿海洄游物种当代的种群结构模式。结果还表明,对于许多海洋物种来说,未能根据当代基因流水平正确描述障碍,部分原因可能是仅基于平衡假设的推断。这可能导致关于受保护物种连通性水平的错误结论。

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