McCann Mark, Grundy Emily, O'Reilly Dermot
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 2QB, United Kingdom.
Dept. of Social Policy, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.
Health Place. 2014 Nov;30:171-6. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.09.009. Epub 2014 Oct 7.
Research on admissions to care homes for older people has paid more attention to individual and social characteristics than to geographical factors. This paper considers rural-urban differences in household composition and admission rates.
51,619 people aged 65 years or older at the time of the 2001 Census and not living in a care home, drawn from a data linkage study based on c.28% of the Northern Ireland population. Living alone was less common in rural areas; 25% of older people in rural areas lived with children compared to 18% in urban areas. Care home admission was more common in urban (4.7%) and intermediate (4.3%) areas than in rural areas (3.2%). Even after adjusting for age, sex, health and living arrangements, the rate of care home admission in rural areas was still only 75% of that in urban areas. People in rural areas experience better family support by living as part of two or three generation households. Even after accounting for this difference, older rural dwellers are less likely to enter care homes; suggesting that neighbours and relatives in rural areas provide more informal care; or that there may be differential deployment of formal home care services.
针对老年人入住养老院的研究更多地关注个人和社会特征，而非地理因素。本文探讨了城乡家庭构成及入住率的差异。
来自一项基于北爱尔兰约28%人口的数据链接研究，选取了2001年人口普查时年龄在65岁及以上且不住在养老院的51,619人。独居在农村地区不太常见；农村地区25%的老年人与子女同住，而城市地区这一比例为18%。养老院入住情况在城市（4.7%）和中等地区（4.3%）比农村地区（3.2%）更为普遍。即使在对年龄、性别、健康状况和生活安排进行调整后，农村地区的养老院入住率仍仅为城市地区的75%。农村地区的人们作为两三代家庭的一部分生活，能得到更好的家庭支持。即便考虑到这一差异，农村老年居民入住养老院的可能性仍较低；这表明农村地区的邻居和亲属提供了更多的非正式照料；或者可能存在正式家庭护理服务的差异化配置。
