Hsu Chun-Ting, Conrad Markus, Jacobs Arthur M
aDepartment of Education and Psychology bLanguages of Emotion cDahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion (DINE), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany dDepartment of Social, Cognitive and Organizational Psychology, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
Neuroreport. 2014 Dec 3;25(17):1356-61. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000272.
Immersion in reading, described as a feeling of 'getting lost in a book', is a ubiquitous phenomenon widely appreciated by readers. However, it has been largely ignored in cognitive neuroscience. According to the fiction feeling hypothesis, narratives with emotional contents invite readers more to be empathic with the protagonists and thus engage the affective empathy network of the brain, the anterior insula and mid-cingulate cortex, than do stories with neutral contents. To test the hypothesis, we presented participants with text passages from the Harry Potter series in a functional MRI experiment and collected post-hoc immersion ratings, comparing the neural correlates of passage mean immersion ratings when reading fear-inducing versus neutral contents. Results for the conjunction contrast of baseline brain activity of reading irrespective of emotional content against baseline were in line with previous studies on text comprehension. In line with the fiction feeling hypothesis, immersion ratings were significantly higher for fear-inducing than for neutral passages, and activity in the mid-cingulate cortex correlated more strongly with immersion ratings of fear-inducing than of neutral passages. Descriptions of protagonists' pain or personal distress featured in the fear-inducing passages apparently caused increasing involvement of the core structure of pain and affective empathy the more readers immersed in the text. The predominant locus of effects in the mid-cingulate cortex seems to reflect that the immersive experience was particularly facilitated by the motor component of affective empathy for our stimuli from the Harry Potter series featuring particularly vivid descriptions of the behavioural aspects of emotion.
沉浸于阅读,即那种“迷失在书中”的感觉,是一种普遍存在的现象,深受读者喜爱。然而,它在认知神经科学中却 largely 被忽视了。根据虚构情感假说,与内容中立的故事相比,带有情感内容的叙事更能促使读者对主人公产生共情,从而激活大脑的情感共情网络,即前脑岛和扣带中部皮质。为了验证这一假说,我们在一项功能性磁共振成像实验中向参与者展示了《哈利·波特》系列中的文本段落,并收集了事后的沉浸评分,比较阅读引发恐惧内容与中立内容时段落平均沉浸评分的神经关联。无论情感内容如何,阅读时的基线脑活动与基线的联合对比结果与先前关于文本理解的研究一致。与虚构情感假说相符的是,引发恐惧的段落的沉浸评分显著高于中立段落,并且扣带中部皮质的活动与引发恐惧段落的沉浸评分的相关性比与中立段落的更强。引发恐惧的段落中对主人公痛苦或个人困扰的描述显然使疼痛和情感共情的核心结构越来越多地参与进来,读者越是沉浸在文本中。扣带中部皮质中效应的主要位置似乎反映出,对于我们来自《哈利·波特》系列、对情感行为方面有特别生动描述的刺激,情感共情的运动成分特别有助于沉浸式体验。
Neuropsychologia. 2009-2
Sci Rep. 2024-11-2
Front Hum Neurosci. 2024-1-26
Front Hum Neurosci. 2022-1-27
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021-6-1
J Eye Mov Res. 2020-6-1