Egleton Richard D, Abbruscato Thomas
Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
Adv Pharmacol. 2014;71:451-80. doi: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.06.019. Epub 2014 Aug 22.
Drug abuse continues to create a major international epidemic affecting society. A great majority of past drug abuse research has focused mostly on the mechanisms of addiction and the specific effects of substance use disorders on brain circuits and pathways that modulate reward, motivation, craving, and decision making. Few studies have focused on the neurobiology of acute and chronic substance abuse as it relates to the neurovascular unit (brain endothelial cell, neuron, astrocyte, microglia, and pericyte). Increasing research indicates that all cellular components of the neurovascular unit play a pivotal role in both the process of addiction and how drug abuse affects the brain response to diseases. This review will focus on the specific effects of opioids, amphetamines, alcohol, and nicotine on the neurovascular unit and its role in addiction and adaption to brain diseases. Elucidation of the role of the neurovascular unit on the neurobiology associated with drug addiction will help to facilitate the development of better therapeutic approaches for drug-dependent individuals.
药物滥用持续引发一场影响社会的重大国际流行病。过去绝大多数药物滥用研究主要集中在成瘾机制以及物质使用障碍对调节奖赏、动机、渴望和决策的脑回路及通路的特定影响上。很少有研究关注急性和慢性药物滥用的神经生物学与神经血管单元（脑内皮细胞、神经元、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和周细胞）的关系。越来越多的研究表明，神经血管单元的所有细胞成分在成瘾过程以及药物滥用如何影响大脑对疾病的反应中都起着关键作用。本综述将聚焦于阿片类药物、苯丙胺、酒精和尼古丁对神经血管单元的特定影响及其在成瘾和适应脑部疾病中的作用。阐明神经血管单元在与药物成瘾相关的神经生物学中的作用，将有助于推动为药物依赖个体开发更好的治疗方法。
