Moran-Santa Maria Megan M, Flanagan Julianne, Brady Kathleen
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Medical University of South Carolina, 125 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA,
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014 Nov;16(11):511. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0511-7.
There are significant gender differences in course, symptomology, and treatment of substance use disorders. In general data from clinical and preclinical studies of substance use disorders suggest that women are more vulnerable than men to the deleterious consequences of drug use at every phase of the addiction process. In addition data from epidemiologic studies suggest that the gender gap in the prevalence of substance use is narrowing particularly among adolescence. Therefore, understanding the role of estrogen and progesterone in mediating responses to drugs of abuse is of critical importance to women's health. In this review we will discuss findings from clinical and preclinical studies of (1) reproductive cycle phase; (2) endogenous ovarian hormones; and (3) hormone replacement on responses to stimulants, nicotine, alcohol, opioids, and marijuana. In addition, we discuss data from recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the neurobiologic mechanisms that interact with estrogen and progesterone to mediate drug-seeking behavior.
物质使用障碍的病程、症状学及治疗存在显著的性别差异。总体而言，物质使用障碍临床和临床前研究的数据表明，在成瘾过程的每个阶段，女性比男性更容易受到药物使用有害后果的影响。此外，流行病学研究数据表明，物质使用流行率的性别差距正在缩小，尤其是在青少年中。因此，了解雌激素和孕酮在介导对滥用药物反应中的作用对女性健康至关重要。在本综述中，我们将讨论临床和临床前研究的结果，这些研究涉及：（1）生殖周期阶段；（2）内源性卵巢激素；（3）激素替代对兴奋剂、尼古丁、酒精、阿片类药物和大麻反应的影响。此外，我们还将讨论近期研究的数据，这些研究加深了我们对与雌激素和孕酮相互作用以介导觅药行为的神经生物学机制的理解。
