Lembke Anna, Stanford Mark
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Addiction Medicine and Therapy Services, Santa Clara Valley Health and Hospital System, Santa Clara County, CA, USA.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;125:659-70. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00039-2.
Alcohol misuse adversely affects health outcomes, but alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are often ignored by healthcare providers in primary and specialty ambulatory care clinics. Data show that early identification and brief intervention for alcohol misuse in these settings can effectively reduce alcohol consumption and its medical sequelae. The aim of this chapter is to review the epidemiology of problematic alcohol use in ambulatory care settings, the diagnostic criteria for AUDs, the approach called SBIRT (screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment) as a model program to target alcohol misuse in everyday clinical practice, when and how to refer patients to resources beyond the clinic for their alcohol use problems, and the medical illnesses associated with AUDs.
酒精滥用会对健康结果产生不利影响，但在初级和专科门诊诊所中，医疗服务提供者常常忽视酒精滥用和酒精使用障碍（AUDs）。数据表明，在这些环境中对酒精滥用进行早期识别和简短干预能够有效减少酒精消费及其医学后遗症。本章的目的是回顾门诊护理环境中有问题饮酒的流行病学、AUDs的诊断标准、作为日常临床实践中针对酒精滥用的示范项目的SBIRT（筛查、简短干预和转介治疗）方法、何时以及如何将有酒精使用问题的患者转介至诊所之外的资源，以及与AUDs相关的医学疾病。
