Teodoro João S, Palmeira Carlos M, Rolo Anabela P
Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1241:71-84. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1875-1_7.
Mitochondria possess a genome that codes for proteins, in the same fashion as the nuclear genome. However, the small, circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule has a reduced base pair content, for it can only code for 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA molecules, and 13 proteins, all of them part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. As such, all of the other mitochondrial components derive from nuclear genome. This separation leads to a requirement for a well-tuned coordination between both genomes, in order to produce fully functional mitochondria. A vast number of pathologies have been demonstrated to involve, to some extent, alterations in mitochondrial function that, no doubt, can be caused by alterations to the respiratory chain activity. As such, several methods and techniques have been developed to assess both content and function of mitochondrial proteins, in order to help understand mitochondrial involvement on the pathogenesis of disease. In this chapter, we will address some of these methods, with the main focus being on isolated mitochondria.
线粒体拥有一个基因组，它以与核基因组相同的方式编码蛋白质。然而，小的环状线粒体DNA（mtDNA）分子的碱基对含量较少，因为它只能编码2种rRNA、22种tRNA分子和13种蛋白质，所有这些都是线粒体呼吸链的一部分。因此，所有其他线粒体成分都来自核基因组。这种分离导致两个基因组之间需要进行良好协调，以便产生功能完全正常的线粒体。大量病理情况已被证明在某种程度上涉及线粒体功能改变，而这无疑可能由呼吸链活性改变引起。因此，已经开发了几种方法和技术来评估线粒体蛋白质的含量和功能，以帮助理解线粒体在疾病发病机制中的作用。在本章中，我们将探讨其中一些方法，主要重点是分离的线粒体。
