Jakubiak-Lasocka J, Lasocki J, Siekmeier R, Chłopek Z
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;834:21-9. doi: 10.1007/5584_2014_14.
Road transport contributes significantly to air quality problems through vehicle emissions, which have various detrimental impacts on public health and the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of traffic-related air pollution on health of Warsaw citizens, following the basics of the Health Impact Assessment (HIA) method, and evaluate its social cost. PM10 was chosen as an indicator of traffic-related air pollution. Exposure-response functions between air pollution and health impacts were employed. The value of statistical life (VSL) approach was used for the estimation of the cost of mortality attributable to traffic-related air pollution. Costs of hospitalizations and restricted activity days were assessed basing on the cost of illness (COI) method. According to the calculations, about 827 Warsaw citizens die in a year as a result of traffic-related air pollution. Also, about 566 and 250 hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, respectively, and more than 128,453 restricted activity days can be attributed to the traffic emissions. From the social perspective, these losses generate the cost of 1,604 million PLN (1 EUR-approx. 4.2 PLN). This cost is very high and, therefore, more attention should be paid for the integrated environmental health policy.
道路运输通过车辆排放对空气质量问题有重大影响，这些排放对公众健康和环境有各种不利影响。本研究的目的是按照健康影响评估（HIA）方法的基本原则，评估与交通相关的空气污染对华沙市民健康的影响，并评估其社会成本。选择PM10作为与交通相关的空气污染指标。采用了空气污染与健康影响之间的暴露-反应函数。统计生命价值（VSL）方法用于估算与交通相关的空气污染导致的死亡成本。基于疾病成本（COI）方法评估住院费用和活动受限天数。根据计算，每年约有827名华沙市民死于与交通相关的空气污染。此外，分别约有566例和250例因心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病住院，超过128,453个活动受限天数可归因于交通排放。从社会角度来看，这些损失产生了16.04亿波兰兹罗提的成本（1欧元约等于4.2波兰兹罗提）。这一成本非常高，因此，应更加关注综合环境卫生政策。
