Salau Kehinde R, Fenichel Eli P
Department of Mathematics, The University of Arizona, 617 N Santa Rita Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,
J Math Biol. 2015 Oct;71(4):817-46. doi: 10.1007/s00285-014-0840-5. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) was enacted to protect and restore declining fish, wildlife, and plant populations. The ESA mandates endangered species protection irrespective of costs. This translates to the restriction of activities that harm endangered populations. We discuss criticisms of the ESA in the context of public land management and examine under what circumstance banning non-conservation activity on multiple use federal lands can be socially optimal. We develop a bioeconomic model to frame the species management problem under the ESA and identify scenarios where ESA-imposed regulations emerge as optimal strategies. Results suggest that banning harmful activities is a preferred strategy when valued endangered species are in decline or exposed to poor habitat quality. However, it is not optimal to sustain such a strategy in perpetuity. An optimal plan involves a switch to land-use practices characteristic of habitat conservation plans.
美国《濒危物种法》（ESA）旨在保护和恢复数量不断减少的鱼类、野生动物和植物种群。《濒危物种法》规定无论成本如何都要对濒危物种进行保护。这意味着要限制那些危害濒危种群的活动。我们在公共土地管理的背景下讨论对《濒危物种法》的批评意见，并研究在何种情况下禁止在多用途联邦土地上进行非保护活动在社会层面上是最优的。我们建立了一个生物经济模型来构建《濒危物种法》下的物种管理问题，并确定《濒危物种法》规定的法规成为最优策略的情形。结果表明，当珍贵的濒危物种数量减少或栖息地质量较差时，禁止有害活动是一种首选策略。然而，永远维持这种策略并非最优。一个最优计划涉及转向栖息地保护计划所特有的土地利用方式。
