Müller Wolfgang-Ulrich
Institut für Medizinische Strahlenbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen D45122, Germany
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2015 Apr;164(1-2):34-7. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncu311. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
Although more than a century of radiation research has provided a lot of insight into radiation risk, there are still fields that need clarification. This is particularly true for the low dose range, meaning doses up to ∼100 mSv. One can detect biological effects in that dose range, but it is unclear whether these biological effects like mutations or chromosomal aberrations translate into health effects like cancer, cataracts or circulatory diseases. Thus, for radiation protection purposes, assumptions have to made that must be reappraised on the basis of new findings from time to time. Affected by new insights are currently the DDREF (dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor), cataracts and circulatory diseases. If the new findings are very convincing, dose limits have to be changed at short notice. If there are only weak indications, stability of the radiation protection system is more important than changing limits all the time.
尽管一个多世纪的辐射研究已让人们对辐射风险有了很多深入了解，但仍有一些领域需要澄清。低剂量范围（即剂量高达约100毫希沃特）的情况尤其如此。在该剂量范围内能够检测到生物效应，但尚不清楚这些生物效应（如突变或染色体畸变）是否会转化为癌症、白内障或循环系统疾病等健康影响。因此，出于辐射防护目的，必须做出一些假设，而这些假设必须根据新发现不时进行重新评估。目前受新见解影响的有剂量与剂量率效能因子（DDREF）、白内障和循环系统疾病。如果新发现非常有说服力，就必须在短时间内更改剂量限值。如果只有微弱迹象，辐射防护系统的稳定性比一直更改限值更为重要。
