评估近亲繁殖对认知行为的影响：一项基于儿童队列的人群研究。
Estimating the inbreeding depression on cognitive behavior: a population based study of child cohort.
作者信息
Fareed Mohd, Afzal Mohammad
机构信息
Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 14;9(10):e109585. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109585. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Cognitive ability tests are widely assumed to measure maximal intellectual performance and predictive associations between intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and later mental health problems. Very few epidemiologic studies have been done to demonstrate the relationship between familial inbreeding and modest cognitive impairments in children.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to estimate the effect of inbreeding on children's cognitive behavior in comparison with non-inbred children.
METHODOLOGY
A cohort of 408 children (6 to 15 years of age) was selected from inbred and non-inbred families of five Muslim populations of Jammu region. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC) was used to measure the verbal IQ (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ). Family pedigrees were drawn to access the family history and children's inbred status in terms of coefficient of inbreeding (F).
RESULTS
We found significant decline in child cognitive abilities due to inbreeding and high frequency of mental retardation among offspring from inbred families. The mean differences (95% C.I.) were reported for the VIQ, being -22.00 (-24.82, -19.17), PIQ -26.92 (-29.96, -23.87) and FSIQ -24.47 (-27.35,-21.59) for inbred as compared to non-inbred children (p<0.001) [corrected].The higher risk of being mentally retarded was found to be more obvious among inbred categories corresponding to the degree of inbreeding and the same accounts least for non-inbred children (p<0.0001). We observed an increase in the difference in mean values for VIQ, PIQ and FSIQ with the increase of inbreeding coefficient and these were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The regression analysis showed a fitness decline (depression) for VIQ (R2 = 0.436), PIQ (R2 = 0.468) and FSIQ (R2 = 0.464) with increasing inbreeding coefficients (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Our comprehensive assessment provides the evidence for inbreeding depression on cognitive abilities among children.
背景
认知能力测试被广泛认为能够衡量最大智力表现以及智商（IQ）分数与后期心理健康问题之间的预测关联。很少有流行病学研究来证明家族近亲繁殖与儿童轻度认知障碍之间的关系。
目的
我们旨在评估近亲繁殖对儿童认知行为的影响，并与非近亲繁殖儿童进行比较。
方法
从查谟地区五个穆斯林群体的近亲繁殖和非近亲繁殖家庭中选取了408名儿童（6至15岁）。使用韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC）来测量言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）和全量表智商（FSIQ）。绘制家族谱系以了解家族史以及根据近亲繁殖系数（F）确定儿童的近亲繁殖状况。
结果
我们发现近亲繁殖导致儿童认知能力显著下降，且近亲繁殖家庭的后代中智力迟钝的发生率较高。与非近亲繁殖儿童相比，近亲繁殖儿童的VIQ平均差异（95%置信区间）为-22.00（-24.82，-19.17），PIQ为-26.92（-29.96，-23.87），FSIQ为-24.47（-27.35，-21.59）（p<0.001）[校正后]。在与近亲繁殖程度相对应的近亲繁殖类别中，智力迟钝的较高风险更为明显，而非近亲繁殖儿童的风险最低（p<0.0001）。我们观察到随着近亲繁殖系数的增加，VIQ、PIQ和FSIQ的平均值差异增大，且具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。回归分析表明，随着近亲繁殖系数的增加，VIQ（R2 = 0.436）、PIQ（R2 = 0.468）和FSIQ（R2 = 0.464）出现适应性下降（衰退）（p<0.01）。
结论
我们的综合评估为近亲繁殖对儿童认知能力的抑制作用提供了证据。
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