Lu Yuan-Chiao, Untaroiu Costin D
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
J Biomech. 2014 Nov 28;47(15):3681-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.09.031. Epub 2014 Oct 2.
Realistic numerical assessments of liver injury risk for the entire occupant population require incorporating inter-subject variations into numerical models. Statistical shape models of the abdominal organs have been shown to be useful tools for the investigation of the organ variations and could be applied to the development of statistical computational models. The main objective of this study was to establish a standard procedure to quantify the shape variations of a human liver in a seated posture, and construct three-dimensional (3D) statistical shape boundary models. Statistical shape analysis was applied to construct shape models of 15 adult human livers. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then utilized to obtain the modes of variation, the mean model, and a set of statistical boundary shape models, which were constructed using the q-hyper-ellipsoid approach. The first five modes of a human liver accounted for the major anatomical variations. The modes were highly correlated to the height, thickness, width, and curvature of the liver, and the concavity of the right lobe. The mean model and the principal components were utilized to construct four boundary models of human liver. The statistical boundary model approach presented in this study could be used to develop probabilistic finite element (FE) models. In the future, the probabilistic liver models could be used in FE simulations to better understand the variability in biomechanical responses and abdominal injuries under impact loading.
对全体乘员群体的肝损伤风险进行实际数值评估，需要将个体间差异纳入数值模型。腹部器官的统计形状模型已被证明是研究器官变异的有用工具，可应用于统计计算模型的开发。本研究的主要目的是建立一种标准程序，以量化坐姿人体肝脏的形状变异，并构建三维（3D）统计形状边界模型。应用统计形状分析构建了15个成人肝脏的形状模型。然后利用主成分分析（PCA）获得变异模式、平均模型和一组统计边界形状模型，这些模型采用q-超椭球体方法构建。人体肝脏的前五种模式占主要解剖变异。这些模式与肝脏的高度、厚度、宽度、曲率以及右叶的凹陷高度相关。利用平均模型和主成分构建了四种人体肝脏边界模型。本研究提出的统计边界模型方法可用于开发概率有限元（FE）模型。未来，概率肝脏模型可用于有限元模拟，以更好地理解冲击载荷下生物力学响应和腹部损伤的变异性。
