Lalonde Kaylah, Holt Rachael Frush
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015 Feb;58(1):135-50. doi: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-H-13-0343.
This study explored visual speech influence in preschoolers using 3 developmentally appropriate tasks that vary in perceptual difficulty and task demands. They also examined developmental differences in the ability to use visually salient speech cues and visual phonological knowledge.
Twelve adults and 27 typically developing 3- and 4-year-old children completed 3 audiovisual (AV) speech integration tasks: matching, discrimination, and recognition. The authors compared AV benefit for visually salient and less visually salient speech discrimination contrasts and assessed the visual saliency of consonant confusions in auditory-only and AV word recognition.
Four-year-olds and adults demonstrated visual influence on all measures. Three-year-olds demonstrated visual influence on speech discrimination and recognition measures. All groups demonstrated greater AV benefit for the visually salient discrimination contrasts. AV recognition benefit in 4-year-olds and adults depended on the visual saliency of speech sounds.
Preschoolers can demonstrate AV speech integration. Their AV benefit results from efficient use of visually salient speech cues. Four-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, used visual phonological knowledge to take advantage of visually salient speech cues, suggesting possible developmental differences in the mechanisms of AV benefit.
本研究利用3项在感知难度和任务要求上有所不同且适合儿童发育阶段的任务，探究了视觉言语对学龄前儿童的影响。他们还考察了利用视觉上显著的言语线索和视觉语音知识能力的发育差异。
12名成年人以及27名发育正常的3岁和4岁儿童完成了3项视听言语整合任务：匹配、辨别和识别。作者比较了视觉上显著和视觉上不太显著的言语辨别对比的视听益处，并评估了纯听觉和视听单词识别中辅音混淆的视觉显著性。
4岁儿童和成年人在所有测量指标上均表现出视觉影响。3岁儿童在言语辨别和识别测量指标上表现出视觉影响。所有组在视觉上显著的辨别对比中均表现出更大的视听益处。4岁儿童和成年人的视听识别益处取决于语音的视觉显著性。
学龄前儿童能够表现出视听言语整合。他们的视听益处源于对视觉上显著的言语线索的有效利用。4岁儿童而非3岁儿童利用视觉语音知识来利用视觉上显著的言语线索，这表明在视听益处机制方面可能存在发育差异。
