Lalonde Kaylah, Werner Lynne A
Center for Hearing Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Brain Sci. 2021 Jan 5;11(1):49. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11010049.
The natural environments in which infants and children learn speech and language are noisy and multimodal. Adults rely on the multimodal nature of speech to compensate for noisy environments during speech communication. Multiple mechanisms underlie mature audiovisual benefit to speech perception, including reduced uncertainty as to when auditory speech will occur, use of correlations between the amplitude envelope of auditory and visual signals in fluent speech, and use of visual phonetic knowledge for lexical access. This paper reviews evidence regarding infants' and children's use of temporal and phonetic mechanisms in audiovisual speech perception benefit. The ability to use temporal cues for audiovisual speech perception benefit emerges in infancy. Although infants are sensitive to the correspondence between auditory and visual phonetic cues, the ability to use this correspondence for audiovisual benefit may not emerge until age four. A more cohesive account of the development of audiovisual speech perception may follow from a more thorough understanding of the development of sensitivity to and use of various temporal and phonetic cues.
婴幼儿学习语音和语言的自然环境嘈杂且多模态。成年人在言语交流中依靠言语的多模态特性来补偿嘈杂环境的影响。成熟的视听语音感知优势有多种机制，包括听觉言语出现时间的不确定性降低、流畅言语中听觉和视觉信号幅度包络之间相关性的利用以及视觉语音知识用于词汇提取。本文综述了关于婴幼儿在视听语音感知优势中对时间和语音机制运用的证据。利用时间线索获得视听语音感知优势的能力在婴儿期就已出现。尽管婴儿对听觉和视觉语音线索之间的对应关系敏感，但利用这种对应关系获得视听优势的能力可能直到四岁才会出现。对视听语音感知发展更连贯的解释可能源于对各种时间和语音线索的敏感性发展及运用的更深入理解。
