Li Shuo, Xie Zhaohui, Shao Jun, Xiao Cunli, Tian Liang, Zhao Rongfeng, Gong Jiakai, Han Jinxiang, Wang Yue, Han Chao, Dang Liping, Zhang Yushi, Chen Bo, Luo Xiaojing, Guo Wei
Beijing Xicheng Ping'an Hospital, Beijing, China.
Electric Power Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;24(6):335-46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.06.005.
In 2010 the Beijing Municipal Government promulgated a policy aimed at improving the quality of life and subjective well-being of elderly residents that included a component focused on mental health.
Identify factors associated with subjective well-being in a representative sample of elderly residents of Xi Cheng District in Beijing.
This cross-sectional study administered a self-completion survey to a stratified random sample of 2342 residents of Xi Cheng District who were 60 to 80 years of age. The level of well-being was assessed using a validated Chinese version of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Detailed socioeconomic variables were obtained using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Social support, anxiety, and depression were assessed using validated Chinese versions of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).
Among the 2342 respondents, 1616 (69.0%) had a total MUNSH score of 32 or above, indicating a high level of happiness; 423 (18.1%) has a total SSRS score 32 or below, indicating poor social support; 201 (8.6%) had a total SDS score of 53 or above, indicating significant depression; and 126 (5.3%) had a total SAS score of 50 or above, indicating significant anxiety. In the multivariate regression analysis the self-reported level of depression was the most important factor related to well-being. Anxiety, social support, income level, the quality of family relationships, the ability to self-regulate emotions, and regular exercise were also significantly related to well-being; but gender, marital status, age and educational level were not associated with well-being.
Among elderly urban residents in Beijing, self-reports of poor subjective well-being are closely associated with self-reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms and also associated with social factors such as social support, income level and family relationships. Prospective studies are needed to identify the causal relationships of these variables and, based on the findings, to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of elderly community members.
2010年，北京市政府颁布了一项旨在提高老年居民生活质量和主观幸福感的政策，其中包括一个关注心理健康的部分。
在北京西城区具有代表性的老年居民样本中，确定与主观幸福感相关的因素。
这项横断面研究对2342名年龄在60至80岁的西城区居民进行分层随机抽样，并进行自填式调查。使用经过验证的中文版纽芬兰纪念大学幸福量表（MUNSH）评估幸福感水平。使用作者编制的问卷获取详细的社会经济变量。使用经过验证的中文版社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、自评焦虑量表（SAS）和自评抑郁量表（SDS）评估社会支持、焦虑和抑郁情况。
在2342名受访者中，1616人（69.0%）的MUNSH总分在32分及以上，表明幸福感较高；423人（18.1%）的SSRS总分在32分及以下，表明社会支持较差；201人（8.6%）的SDS总分在53分及以上，表明有明显抑郁；126人（5.3%）的SAS总分在50分及以上，表明有明显焦虑。在多因素回归分析中，自我报告的抑郁水平是与幸福感相关的最重要因素。焦虑、社会支持、收入水平、家庭关系质量、情绪自我调节能力和经常锻炼也与幸福感显著相关；但性别、婚姻状况、年龄和教育水平与幸福感无关。
在北京城市老年居民中，主观幸福感较差的自我报告与抑郁和焦虑症状的自我报告密切相关，也与社会支持、收入水平和家庭关系等社会因素相关。需要进行前瞻性研究以确定这些变量之间的因果关系，并根据研究结果制定有针对性的干预措施，以提高老年社区成员的生活质量和幸福感。
