Satoh Takaya
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Oct 16;15(10):18677-92. doi: 10.3390/ijms151018677.
Insulin is a hormone that regulates the blood glucose level by stimulating various physiological responses in its target tissues. In skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin promotes membrane trafficking of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from GLUT4 storage vesicles to the plasma membrane, thereby facilitating the uptake of glucose from the circulation. Detailed mechanisms underlying insulin-dependent intracellular signal transduction for glucose uptake remain largely unknown. In this article, I give an overview on the recently identified signaling network involving Rab, Ras, and Rho family small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that regulates glucose uptake in insulin-responsive tissues. In particular, the regulatory mechanisms for these small GTPases and the cross-talk between protein kinase and small GTPase cascades are highlighted.
胰岛素是一种通过刺激其靶组织中的各种生理反应来调节血糖水平的激素。在骨骼肌和脂肪组织中，胰岛素促进葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT4从GLUT4储存囊泡向质膜的膜转运，从而促进葡萄糖从循环中摄取。胰岛素依赖性细胞内信号转导促进葡萄糖摄取的详细机制在很大程度上仍然未知。在本文中，我概述了最近确定的涉及Rab、Ras和Rho家族小GTP酶（GTPases）的信号网络，该网络调节胰岛素反应性组织中的葡萄糖摄取。特别强调了这些小GTP酶的调节机制以及蛋白激酶和小GTP酶级联之间的相互作用。
