Chaoul Alejandro, Milbury Kathrin, Sood Anil K, Prinsloo Sarah, Cohen Lorenzo
Department of General Oncology, Integrative Medicine Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Curr Oncol Rep. 2014 Dec;16(12):417. doi: 10.1007/s11912-014-0417-x.
Being diagnosed with a life-threatening disease such as cancer and undergoing treatment can cause unwanted distress and interferes with quality of life. Uncontrolled stress can have a negative effect on a number of biological systems and processes leading to negative health outcomes. While some distress is normal, it is not benign and must be addressed, as failure to do so may compromise health and QOL outcomes. We present the evidence for the role of stress in cancer biology and mechanisms demonstrating how distress is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network states that all patients be screened with the single-item distress thermometer and to also indicate the source of distress and to get appropriate referral. In addition to the many conventional approaches for managing distress from the fields of psychology and psychiatry, many patients are seeking strategies to manage their distress that are outside conventional medicine such as mind-body techniques. Mind-body techniques such as meditation, yoga, tai chi, and qigong have been found to lower distress and lead to improvements in different aspects of quality of life. It is essential that the standard of care in oncology include distress screening and the delivery of different techniques to help patients manage the psychosocial challenges of diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
被诊断患有癌症等危及生命的疾病并接受治疗可能会导致不必要的痛苦，并影响生活质量。无法控制的压力会对许多生物系统和过程产生负面影响，从而导致负面的健康结果。虽然有些痛苦是正常的，但它并非无害，必须加以解决，因为不这样做可能会损害健康和生活质量结果。我们提供了压力在癌症生物学中的作用以及证明痛苦如何与更差的临床结果相关的机制的证据。美国国立综合癌症网络指出，所有患者都应使用单项痛苦温度计进行筛查，并指出痛苦的来源并获得适当的转诊。除了心理学和精神病学领域中许多管理痛苦的传统方法外，许多患者正在寻求传统医学之外的管理痛苦的策略，如身心技巧。冥想、瑜伽、太极拳和气功等身心技巧已被发现可以减轻痛苦，并改善生活质量的不同方面。肿瘤学的护理标准必须包括痛苦筛查以及提供不同的技巧，以帮助患者应对癌症诊断和治疗的心理社会挑战。
