Zheng Yiyuan, Lu Yanyu, Yang Zheng, Fu Shan
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Nov;85(11):1100-5. doi: 10.3357/ASEM.4078.2014.
Flight deck alerts provide system malfunction information designed to lead corresponding pilot reactions aimed at guaranteeing flight safety. This study examined the roles of expertise and flight responsibility and their relationship to pilots' reactions to flight deck alerts.
There were 17 pilots composing 12 flight crews that were assigned into pairs according to flight hours and responsibilities. The experiment included 9 flight scenarios and was carried out in a CRJ-200 flight simulator. Pilot performance was recorded by a wide angle video camera, and four kinds of reactions to alerts were defined for analysis.
Pilots tended to have immediate reactions to uninterrupted cautions, with a turning off rate as high as 75%. However, this rate decreased sharply when pilots encountered interrupted cautions and warnings; they also exhibited many wrong reactions to warnings. Pilots with more expertise had more reactions to uninterrupted cautions than those with less expertise, both as pilot flying and pilot monitoring. Meanwhile, the pilot monitoring, regardless of level of expertise, exhibited more reactions than the pilot flying. In addition, more experienced pilots were more likely to have wrong reactions to warnings while acting as the monitoring pilot.
These results suggest that both expertise and flight responsibility influence pilots' reactions to alerts. Considering crew pairing strategy, when a pilot flying is a less experienced pilot, a more experience pilot is suggested to be the monitoring pilot. The results of this study have implications for understanding pilots' behaviors to flight deck alerts, calling for specialized training and design of approach alarms on the flight deck.
驾驶舱警报提供系统故障信息，旨在引导相应的飞行员反应，以确保飞行安全。本研究考察了专业知识和飞行职责的作用及其与飞行员对驾驶舱警报反应的关系。
有17名飞行员组成12个飞行机组，根据飞行小时数和职责配对。实验包括9个飞行场景，在一架CRJ - 200飞行模拟器中进行。通过广角摄像机记录飞行员的表现，并定义了对警报的四种反应进行分析。
飞行员往往对不间断的警示立即做出反应，关闭率高达75%。然而，当飞行员遇到间断的警示和警告时，这个比率急剧下降；他们对警告也表现出许多错误反应。作为飞行驾驶员和监控驾驶员，专业知识更多的飞行员对不间断警示的反应比专业知识较少的飞行员更多。同时，无论专业水平如何，监控驾驶员比飞行驾驶员表现出更多的反应。此外，经验更丰富的飞行员在担任监控驾驶员时对警告更有可能做出错误反应。
这些结果表明，专业知识和飞行职责都会影响飞行员对警报的反应。考虑机组配对策略，当飞行驾驶员是经验较少的飞行员时，建议经验更丰富的飞行员担任监控驾驶员。本研究结果对于理解飞行员对驾驶舱警报的行为具有启示意义，呼吁对驾驶舱进近警报进行专门培训和设计。
