Truszczynski Olaf, Lewkowicz Rafal, Wojtkowiak Mieczyslaw, Biernacki Marcin P
Department of Flight Safety, the Aeromedical Training Division, the Department of Aviation Physiology, and the Department of Aviation Psychology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Nov;85(11):1114-20. doi: 10.3357/ASEM.4009.2014.
An important problem for pilots is visual disturbances occurring under +Gz acceleration. Assessment of the degree of intensification of these disturbances is generally accepted as the acceleration tolerance level (ATL) criterion determined in human centrifuges. The aim of this research was to evaluate the visual-motor responses of pilots during rapidly increasing acceleration contained in cyclic intervals of +6 Gz to the maximum ATL.
The study involved 40 male pilots ages 32-41 yr. The task was a quick and faultless response to the light stimuli presented on a light bar during exposure to acceleration until reaching the ATL. Simple response time (SRT) measurements were performed using a visual-motor analysis system throughout the exposures which allowed assessment of a pilot's ATL.
There were 29 pilots who tolerated the initial phase of interval acceleration and achieved +6 Gz, completing the test at ATL. Relative to the control measurements, the obtained results indicate a significant effect of the applied acceleration on response time. SRT during +6 Gz exposure was not significantly longer compared with the reaction time between each of the intervals. SRT and erroneous reactions indicated no statistically significant differences between the "lower" and "higher" ATL groups.
SRT measurements over the +6-Gz exposure intervals did not vary between "lower" and "higher" ATL groups and, therefore, are not useful in predicting pilot performance. The gradual exposure to the maximum value of +6 Gz with exposure to the first three intervals on the +6-Gz plateau effectively differentiated pilots.
飞行员面临的一个重要问题是在+Gz加速度作用下出现的视觉干扰。这些干扰加剧程度的评估通常被视为在人体离心机中确定的加速度耐受水平（ATL）标准。本研究的目的是评估飞行员在+6 Gz的循环间隔中快速增加加速度直至达到最大ATL期间的视觉运动反应。
该研究纳入了40名年龄在32至41岁之间的男性飞行员。任务是在暴露于加速度直至达到ATL的过程中，对灯条上呈现的光刺激做出快速且无误的反应。在整个暴露过程中，使用视觉运动分析系统进行简单反应时间（SRT）测量，从而能够评估飞行员的ATL。
有29名飞行员耐受了间隔加速度的初始阶段并达到了+6 Gz，在ATL时完成了测试。相对于对照测量，所得结果表明施加的加速度对反应时间有显著影响。与每个间隔之间的反应时间相比，+6 Gz暴露期间的SRT并没有显著延长。SRT和错误反应在“较低”和“较高”ATL组之间没有显示出统计学上的显著差异。
在+6-Gz暴露间隔期间进行的SRT测量在“较低”和“较高”ATL组之间没有差异，因此，在预测飞行员表现方面并无用处。在+6-Gz平台上逐渐暴露于+6 Gz的最大值，并经历前三个间隔，有效地区分了飞行员。
