Eto T, Shiraki K
Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1989 Dec;31(6):681-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1989.tb01379.x.
In Japan, a nationwide prevention program against mother-to-infant infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) started in 1985. This program consists of double screenings of pregnant women and prophylactic treatment to the infants born to both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers. These infants are treated with two injections of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and at least three injections of plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. We sent questionnaires about the numbers of each procedure or examination during nine months of investigation period to each local government in 1986 and 1987. 93.4% pregnant women had the chance to be examined for HBsAg, and the positive rate was 1.4 to 1.5%. The HBeAg positive rate in HBsAg positive was 23 to 26%. The HBsAg positive rate in neonates and in infants before two months were 3% and 2% respectively. Some problems may arise, because 27 to 30% of infants need the fourth vaccination in some restricted areas.
在日本，一项针对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）母婴传播的全国性预防计划于1985年启动。该计划包括对孕妇进行双重筛查，以及对乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）和乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg）均呈阳性的母亲所生婴儿进行预防性治疗。这些婴儿需注射两剂乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白（HBIG），并至少注射三剂血浆源性乙型肝炎疫苗。1986年和1987年，我们向各地方政府发送了关于调查期间九个月内各项程序或检查数量的调查问卷。93.4%的孕妇有机会接受HBsAg检测，阳性率为1.4%至1.5%。HBsAg阳性者中HBeAg阳性率为23%至26%。新生儿和两个月以下婴儿的HBsAg阳性率分别为3%和2%。在一些限制区域，27%至30%的婴儿可能需要接种第四剂疫苗，这可能会引发一些问题。
