Richter Franziska R, Yeung Nick
a Department of Psychology , New York University , New York , NY , USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2015;68(6):1124-47. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.976579. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
Three experiments investigated the impact of cognitive control on current performance and later memory in task switching. Participants first switched between object and word classification tasks, performed on picture-word stimuli that each appeared only once, then were tested for their recognition memory of these items. Each experiment replicated the recent finding that task switching results in reduced selectivity in later memory for task-relevant over task-irrelevant items. Top-down control was manipulated through varying the time available for advance task preparation (Experiment 1), the freedom of choice over which task to perform (Experiment 2), and the availability of reward incentives (Experiment 3). For each manipulation, more effective top-down control during task switching was associated with increased selectivity in memory for task-relevant information. These findings shed new light on the role of cognitive control in long-term memory encoding, in particular supporting an interactive model in which long-term memory reflects the enduring traces of perceptual and cognitive processes that operate under the selective influence of top-down control.
三项实验研究了认知控制对任务切换中当前表现及后续记忆的影响。参与者首先在对仅出现一次的图片-单词刺激进行的物体和单词分类任务之间进行切换，然后对他们对这些项目的识别记忆进行测试。每项实验都重复了最近的一项发现，即任务切换会导致后续记忆中对任务相关项目的选择性降低，而对任务无关项目的选择性增加。通过改变提前进行任务准备的可用时间（实验1）、对执行哪个任务的选择自由度（实验2）以及奖励激励的可用性（实验3）来操纵自上而下的控制。对于每种操纵方式，任务切换过程中更有效的自上而下控制都与对任务相关信息的记忆选择性增加有关。这些发现为认知控制在长期记忆编码中的作用提供了新的线索，特别支持了一种交互模型，即长期记忆反映了在自上而下控制的选择性影响下运作的感知和认知过程的持久痕迹。
