Department of Exercise Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ , USA.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014 Oct 7;5:162. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00162. eCollection 2014.
Exercise training is generally a healthful activity and an effective intervention for reducing the risk of numerous chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This is likely both a result of prevention of weight gain over time and direct effects of exercise on metabolism of lipids and the other macronutrient classes. Importantly, a single bout of exercise can alter lipid metabolism and metabolic rate for hours and even into the day following exercise, so individuals who regularly exercise, even if not performed every single day, overall could experience a substantial change in their resting metabolism that would reduce risk for metabolic diseases. However, resting metabolism does not respond similarly in all individuals to exercise participation, and indeed gender or sex is a major determinant of the response of resting lipid metabolism to prior exercise. In order to fully appreciate the metabolic effects and health benefits of exercise, the differences between men and women must be considered. In this article, the differences in the effects of exercise on resting metabolic rate, fuel selection after exercise, as well as the shuttling of triglyceride and fatty acids between tissues are discussed. Furthermore, concepts related to sex differences in the precision of homeostatic control and sex differences in the integration of metabolism between various organs are considered.
锻炼通常是一种健康的活动，也是减少多种慢性疾病风险的有效干预措施，包括心血管疾病和糖尿病。这可能既是随着时间的推移预防体重增加的结果，也是运动对脂质和其他宏量营养素代谢的直接影响。重要的是，单次运动可以改变数小时甚至运动后一天的脂质代谢和代谢率，因此经常运动的个体，即使不是每天都运动，总体上也可能会经历静息代谢的实质性变化，从而降低代谢疾病的风险。然而，静息代谢对运动参与的反应在所有个体中并不相同，而且性别确实是静息脂质代谢对先前运动反应的主要决定因素。为了充分了解运动的代谢效应和健康益处，必须考虑男女之间的差异。在本文中，讨论了运动对静息代谢率、运动后燃料选择以及甘油三酯和脂肪酸在组织之间穿梭的影响的差异。此外，还考虑了与体内平衡控制的精确性的性别差异和各种器官之间代谢整合的性别差异相关的概念。
