萨摩亚青年中感知到的社会和媒体对烟草使用的影响。
Perceived social and media influences on tobacco use among Samoan youth.
作者信息
McCool Judith, Freeman Becky, Tanielu Helen
机构信息
School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Science University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2014 Oct 23;14:1100. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1100.
BACKGROUND
Tobacco use among young Pacific populations continues to undermine efforts to reduce the escalating rates of non-communicable disease in the region. Reducing tobacco use to less than 5 percent by 2025 is now a World Health Organisation (WHO) mandated target for the Pacific region. Yet, little is known about the drivers to uptake of tobacco use among young people in the Pacific. Family and peers are expected to be important in this process, but similarly, tobacco marketing may also play an important role. The tobacco industry has been highly adaptive to the changing media environment across the Pacific Islands. The aim of this study was to develop an understanding of the social cultural and media drivers to tobacco uptake and use among young Samoans to contribute to the design of effective tobacco control intervention.
METHODS
We examined high school students (aged 16 and 17 years) perceptions of tobacco use in their community, access and use of media channels and the extent to which they are cognizant of both pro and anti-tobacco imagery across a range of media. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis of the interview data identified common and divergent beliefs, attitudes and behaviours surrounding tobacco use and the influence of the media.
RESULTS
Family is critically important for representing normative tobacco use in Samoa. The use of media, in particular digital media, was found to be conditioned by parental views on the use of media in the home. Media access remains highly regulated within more traditional households. Loyalty to traditional cultural practices (Fa'a Samoa) underpinned views on the limited influence of media on social norms around tobacco use. Parents were thought to have the greatest influence on youth smoking. Tobacco use was viewed as a personal, or family issue, and not a problem that was amendable to change at a societal level.
CONCLUSION
In order to develop effective and culturally relevant tobacco control policies, the public health community must consider social norms around tobacco use as well as patterns of media use among young Samoans.
背景
太平洋地区年轻人的烟草使用情况持续影响着该地区降低非传染性疾病不断攀升发病率的努力。到2025年将烟草使用率降至5%以下，这是世界卫生组织（WHO）为太平洋地区设定的目标。然而，对于太平洋地区年轻人开始使用烟草的驱动因素知之甚少。家庭和同龄人在这个过程中预计起着重要作用，但同样，烟草营销可能也扮演着重要角色。烟草行业已经高度适应了太平洋岛屿不断变化的媒体环境。本研究的目的是了解促使萨摩亚年轻人开始使用和吸食烟草的社会文化及媒体驱动因素，以助力设计有效的烟草控制干预措施。
方法
我们调查了高中生（年龄在16岁和17岁）对其社区内烟草使用的看法、媒体渠道的获取和使用情况，以及他们对各类媒体上支持和反对烟草形象的认知程度。数据通过深入的半结构化访谈收集。对访谈数据进行主题分析，确定了围绕烟草使用以及媒体影响的共同和不同信念、态度及行为。
结果
在萨摩亚，家庭对于呈现烟草使用的规范情况至关重要。研究发现，媒体的使用，尤其是数字媒体的使用，受到父母对家庭中媒体使用看法的制约。在更为传统的家庭中，媒体获取仍然受到严格管控。对传统文化习俗（萨摩亚传统）的忠诚支撑着关于媒体对烟草使用社会规范影响有限的观点。父母被认为对青少年吸烟影响最大。烟草使用被视为个人或家庭问题，而非一个在社会层面可改变的问题。
结论
为了制定有效且符合文化背景的烟草控制政策，公共卫生界必须考虑围绕烟草使用的社会规范以及萨摩亚年轻人的媒体使用模式。
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