Kasparaviciene Kristina, Sidlauskas Antanas, Zasciurinskiene Egle, Vasiliauskas Arunas, Juodzbalys Gintaras, Sidlauskas Mantas, Marmaite Ugne
Clinic of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Clinic or Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Med Sci Monit. 2014 Oct 24;20:2036-42. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890885.
Digit sucking, tongue thrust swallowing, and mouth breathing are potential risk factors for development of malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to verify the prevalence of different occlusal traits among 5-7-year-old children and assess their relationship with oral habits.
The study included 503 pre-school children (260 boys and 243 girls) with a mean age of 5.95 years. Different occlusal traits were verified by intraoral examination. Oral habits were diagnosed using data gathered from clinical examination of occlusion and extra-oral assessment of the face, combined with a questionnaire for parents.
The study demonstrated that 71.4% of the children presented with 1 or more attributes of malocclusion and 16.9% had oral habits. The vertical and sagittal malrelation of incisors, as well as spacing, were the predominant features. This study showed that digit suckers have higher incidence of anterior open bite (P=0.013) and posterior crossbite (P=0.005). The infantile type of swallowing demonstrated strong association (P=0.001) with anterior open bite.
Non-nutritive sucking habits and tongue thrust swallowing are significant risk factors for the development of anterior open bite and posterior crossbite in pre-school children.
吮指、伸舌吞咽和口呼吸是错牙合畸形发展的潜在危险因素。本研究的目的是验证5至7岁儿童中不同咬合特征的患病率，并评估它们与口腔习惯的关系。
该研究纳入了503名学龄前儿童（260名男孩和243名女孩），平均年龄为5.95岁。通过口腔内检查验证不同的咬合特征。使用从咬合临床检查和面部口外评估收集的数据，结合家长问卷来诊断口腔习惯。
研究表明，71.4%的儿童表现出1种或更多的错牙合畸形特征，16.9%有口腔习惯。切牙的垂直和矢状关系异常以及牙间隙是主要特征。本研究表明，吮指儿童前牙开牙合（P=0.013）和后牙反牙合（P=0.005）的发生率更高。婴儿型吞咽与前牙开牙合有很强的相关性（P=0.001）。
非营养性吸吮习惯和伸舌吞咽是学龄前儿童前牙开牙合和后牙反牙合发展的重要危险因素。
